A Historical Overview of Mixed Martial Arts in China

Authors

  • William Acevedo Independent scholar
  • Mei Cheung Independent scholar

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18002/rama.v6i2.6

Keywords:

Chinese martial arts, kung-fu, combat sports, Ultimate Fighting Championship

Abstract

Mixed martial arts (MMA) has become one of the fastest-growing combat sports in the twenty-first century, drawing millions of Pay-Per-View spectators since the inception of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) in 1993. Popular conceptions have credited the creation of MMA to Bruce Lee, a Chinese-American actor and martial artist who became an icon in the 1970s and who is still considered by many as a revolutionary figure in the field. This paper will present, in chronological order, examples of ancient Chinese martial arts concepts preceding the creation of modern MMA.

Downloads

Métricas alternativas

  • Captures
  • Mendeley - Readers: 8
  • Mentions
  • Wikipedia - References: 1

References

Acevedo, W., Cheung, M., & Hood, B. (2008, noviembre/diciembre). A lifetime dedicated to martial traditions: An interview with Professor Ma. Consulta 04/02/2010 de Kung Fu Magazine.com: http://ezine.kungfumagazine.com/magazine/article.php?article=794

Birrell, A. (1993). Chinese mythology. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Brownell, S. (1995). Training the body for China. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

Brundage, G. (2008, enero/febrero). Beijing’s mixed martial arts. Kung Fu Taichi Magazine, pp. 14–15.

Burroughs, J. (2006, agosto). Threading a needle in the flash of lightning. Kung Fu Taichi Magazine, 48–52.

Chong, Y. (1996). Zhongyang Guoshuguan shi (La historia de la Academia Central de Artes Nacionales). Hefei, Anhui: Huangshan Press.

Henning, S. (1999, otoño). Academic encounters the Chinese martial arts. China Review International, 6(2), 319–332.

Henning, S. (2001). What’s in a name? The etymology of Chinese boxing. Journal of Asian Martial Arts, 10(4): 8–17.

Hsu, A., & Chang, B. (2010, abril). Summary of sifu Han Ching-Tan’s martial Art: Pt. 1. Consulta 02/04/2010 de Adam Hsu Kung Fu Traditional Martial Arts: http://www.adamhsu.com/articles/taiwanblog_HanChingTan. htm

Kang, G. (1995). Spring and autumn of Chinese martial arts—5000 years. Santa Cruz: Plum Publishing.

Lee, B. (1975). Tao of Jeet Kune Do. Santa Clarita, CA: Ohara Publications.

Lee, B., & Uyehara, M. (1977). Bruce Lee’s fighting method: Skill in techniques. Santa Clarita: Ohara Publications.

Lin, B. (1996). Zhongguo wushu shi (Historia de las artes marciales chinas). Taipei: Wu Zhou Publishing House.

Little, J. (1999). Bruce Lee: Artist of life. North Clarendon, VT: Tuttle Publishing.

Liu, J., Zhao, J. & Cartmell, T. (2007). Chin na fa traditional Chinese submission grappling. Berkeley, CA: Blue Snakes Books.

Ma, M. (2009, verano). Reconstructing China’s indigenous physical culture. Journal of Chinese Martial Studies, 1: 8–31.

Ma, M. (2000). Shuo jian cong gao (Discursos de la espada). Lanzhou: Lanzhou University Publishing House.

Machida, L. (2009). Machida-do karate for mixed martial arts. DVDs. Auberry, CA: Victory Belt.

McCarthy, P. (1995). The bible of karate Bubishi. North Clarendon, VT: Tuttle Publishing.

Miller, D. (1992, mayo-junio). Jiang Hao-quan and Ch’uan Shih Pa Kua Chang. Pa Kua Chang Newsletter, 2(4): 1–10.

Miller, M. (2008, 5 de mayo). Ultimate cash machine. Consulta 30/06/2010, de Forbes.com: http://www.forbes.com/forbes/2008/0505/080.html

Miysaki, I. (1976). China’s examination hell. New Haven: Yale University Press. Qi, J. & Ma, M. (1560, 1980). Jixiao xinshu (Nuevo libro de la disciplina efectiva). Beijing: People’s Sports Publishing House.

Ruggieri, D. (2009, marzo). Twenty methods fighting form. Consulta 22/05/2010, de China Hand Kung Fu Academy: http://www.chinahand.com/shaolin/sl_ history/20_methods.htm

Shahar, M. (2008). The Shaolin Monastery, history, religion and the martial arts. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press.

Shapiro, S., Shi, N., y Luo, G. (1980). Outlaws of the marsh. Beijing: Foreign Language Press.

Svinth, J. (1999, diciembre). Strenuous athletics in China, including pre-Japanese jiu-jutsu. Consulta 21/04/2010, de Journal of Non-lethal Combatives : http://ejmas.com/jnc/jncart_LitDigest_1299.htm.

Trembow, I. (2007, 1 de marzo). UFC PPV revenue tops $200 million in 2006. Consultado 30/07/2010, de MMA Weekly: http://www.mmaweekly.co/absolutenm/templates/dailynews.asp?articleid=3520&zoneid=3

Wan, L. (1984). Wushu huizong (Las bases comunes de las artes marciales). Beijing: Beijing Book Store Press.

Wan, L. (2010). Resources: articles. Consultado el 11/04/2010, de Ziranmen Natural

Style Kung Fu School: http://www.naturalstylekungfu.com/resources_fightdance.html

Webb, S. (dir.). (2009). How Bruce Lee changed the world [DVD, película]. A&E Home Video.

Wikipedia. (2010). Book of songs (chino). Consulta 26/04/2010, de http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shi_jing.

Wikipedia. (2010). Kito-ryu. Consultado el 16/05/2010, de http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kit%C5%8D-ry%C5%AB.

Wile, D. (1999). T’ai chi’s ancestors: The making of an internal martial art. Brooklyn, NY: Sweet Ch’i Press.

Ying, L., & Yan, H. (dir.). (2008). Chinese kung fu. CCTV International, New Frontiers.

Published

2012-05-27

How to Cite

Acevedo, W., & Cheung, M. (2012). A Historical Overview of Mixed Martial Arts in China. Revista de Artes Marciales Asiáticas, 6(2), 29–44. https://doi.org/10.18002/rama.v6i2.6

Issue

Section

Articles