La integración del sistema somatosensorial cutáneo.: El sistema de vibrisas

Lorea Chaparro González

doi:10.18002/ambioc.i19.7334

Autores/as

Lorea Chaparro González

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18002/ambioc.i19.7334

Palabras clave:

Codificación de texturas, Procesamiento sensorimotor, Reconocimiento de objetos, Vibrisas

Resumen

El sentido que denominamos tacto es un sistema muy complejo que en su mayor parte está localizado en la piel. Existen diferentes tipos de receptores sensoriales que permiten reconocer tipos de estímulos muy variados. La mayor parte de estos receptores son estimulados por estímulos físicos como presión, vibración o estiramiento y se denominan mecanorreceptores. Dentro de este tipo de receptores se incluyen los pelos, que pueden llegar a formar sistemas de detección muy complejos formando órganos especializados como el sistema de vibrisas de muchos vertebrados. Este sistema está destinado esencialmente al reconocimiento del medio que rodea al animal. En los roedores, una gran parte de la corteza cerebral y otras regiones del encéfalo están dedicados al procesado y respuesta de la información procedente de las vibrisas, que juegan un papel crucial en el reconocimiento de objetos y codificación de texturas como en el desarrollo de diferentes tipos de conductas y aprendizaje.

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