Biomineralización: Cuando los organismos crean minerales

Ismael Coronado

doi:10.18002/ambioc.i20.7490

Authors

Ismael Coronado Universidad de León

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18002/ambioc.i20.7490

Keywords:

Biocristalización, Crecimiento cristalino, Diagénesis, Esqueletos, Fósiles, Matriz orgánica

Abstract

Los sistemas bióticos y abióticos se entrelazan, en su máxima expresión, durante la formación de biominerales. Estos son minerales producidos por los organismos, ayudados de macromoléculas orgánicas, los cuales forman esqueletos y estructuras esqueléticas (como dientes, huesos, conchas, espículas…) de una manera precisa, que involucra una maquinaria celular sincronizada y que tienen una función biológica muy específica. El estudio de la biomineralización es multidisciplinar y tiene un enfoque diverso: ingeniería, biología, química, paleontología. Este artículo resume qué es la biomineralización, cuándo aparece en la historia de la Tierra, tipos de biomineralización, el papel de la matriz orgánica en la biomineralización, los controles (genéticos y ambientales) de la biomineralización, así como el papel de los estudios sobre biomineralización empleando fósiles.

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