Los animales como reservorios de enfermedades

Daniela Canestrari; Andrés Ordiz Fernández

doi:10.18002/ambioc.i19.7328

Autores

Daniela Canestrari
Andrés Ordiz Fernández

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18002/ambioc.i19.7328

Palavras-chave:

Etiología médica, Zoonosis, Animales, Enfermedades

Resumo

Los animales salvajes pueden actuar como reservorios de patógenos (virus, bacterias, protozoos y hongos) potencialmente peligrosos para el ser humano. De hecho, la gran mayoría de las enfermedades emergentes son zoonosis (es decir, son transmitidas por animales) y todo apunta a que el nuevo SARS-CoV-2, el virus responsable de la actual pandemia de coronavirus, se haya transmitido a los seres humanos de un reservorio animal (concretamente de los murciélagos). Conocer los reservorios animales y su distribución, a la vez que los factores que facilitan el contacto con los seres humanos y la transmisión de patógenos, es fundamental para la prevención de brotes de enfermedades. En este artículo analizamos la literatura disponible para identificar los grupos animales que representan los principales reservorios de zoonosis y los factores, tales como riqueza de especies, características fisiológicas, ecológicas o proximidad genética al ser humano, que aumentan la probabilidad de brotes zoonóticos. En particular, analizaremos el papel de roedores y murciélagos, que representan en la actualidad los dos principales reservorios de zoonosis

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