Ansiedade estado pré-competitivo e judocas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18002/rama.v7i1.43Palavras-chave:
Ansiedade pré-competitiva, auto-confiança, judoResumo
Objectivos: Entendendo a ansiedade numa perspectiva multidimensional, o propósito deste estudo foi comprovar as propriedades psicométricas do questionário Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2) nos judocas espanhóis e examinar as diferenças de ansiedade estado pré-competitiva em função do seu nível desportivo, idade e género.
Método: Participaram neste estudo 128 judocas de nível amador e de alto rendimento. As variáveis medidas antes da competição foram: intensidade e direcção somática, cognitiva e auto-confiança do CSAI-2.
Resultados: Os resultados obtidos mostram que o questionário administrado apresentou umas propriedades aceitáveis e que existem diferenças na direcção da ansiedade somática e cognitiva para a idade, assim como na intensidade da auto-confiança para o nível desportivo. As implicações que estes resultados podem ter no processo de treino e na competição são discutidos no documento.Downloads
Métricas alternativas
Referências
Abrahamsen, F.A.; Roberts, G.C.; Pensgaard, A.M. (2008). Achievement goals and gender effects on multidimensional anxiety in national elite sport. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 9(4), 449‐ 464.
Andrade, E.M.; Lois, G.; Arce, C. (2007). Propiedades psicométricas de la versión española del inventario de ansiedad competitiva CSAI‐2R en deportistas. Psicothema, 19, 150‐155.
Bandura, A. (1982). Self‐efficacy. Mechanism in human agency. American Psychologist, 377, 122‐ 147.
Barbero García, M.I. y Pérez‐Llantada, M.C. (1999). Cuestionarios en psicología del deporte. En A. López de la Llave, M. C. Pérez‐Llantada y J. M. Buceta (Eds), Investigaciones breves en psicología del deporte (pp. 40‐45). Madrid: Dykinson.
Bertollo, M; Saltarelli, B; Robazza, C. (2009). Mental preparation strategies of elite modern pentathletes. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 10, 244‐254.
Borkoveck, T.D. (1976). Psichologycal and cognitive process in the regulation of anxiety. En G. Schwart, y D. Shapiro (Eds), Consciousness and selfregulation: Advances in research, 1 (pp. 261‐312). New York: Plemen Press.
Brandao, R. F. (1995). Ansiedade em atletas. Movimento, 1, 24‐27
Brunet, J. y Sabiston, C.M. (2008). Social physique anxiety and physical activity: A selfdetermination theory perspective. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2008.11.002.
Burton, D. (1988). Do anxious swimmers swim slower? Reexamining the elusive anxietyperformance relationship. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 10, 45‐61.
Carretero‐Dios, H y Pérez, C. (2005). Normas para el desarrollo y revisión de estudios instrumentales. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 5(3), 521‐551.
Cepeda, M.; Montero, C.; García, L.; León, B.; Iglesias, D. (2011). La percepción de judocas de distinto nivel de pericia respecto a las actividades de entrenamiento específicas que contribuyen al rendimiento. Archivos de Medicina del Deporte, 28(145), 257‐264.
Cerin, E.; Szabo, A.; Hunt, N.; Williams, C. (2000). Temporal patterning of competitive emotions: A critical review. Journal of Sports Sciences, 18, 605‐626.
Cervantes, J.L.; Rodas, G; Capdevila, L. (2009). Perfil psicofisiológico de rendimiento en nadadores basado en la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca y en estados de ansiedad precompetitiva. Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 18(1), 37‐52.
Cervelló, E.; Santos‐Rosa, F.J.; Jiménez, R.; Nerea, A.; García, T. (2002). Motivación y ansiedad en jugadores de tenis. Revista Motricidad, 9, 141‐161.
Cheng, W.‐N. K.; Hardy, L.; Markland, D. (2009). Toward a three‐dimensional conceptualization of performance anxiety: Rationale and initial measurement development. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 10, 271‐278.
Covassin, T. y Pero, S. (2004). The Relationship between Self‐Confidence, Mood State and Anxiety among Collegiate Tennis Players. Journal of Sport Behavior, 27(3), 230‐242.
Cox, R.H.; Martens, M.P.; Russell W.D. (2003). Measuring anxiety in athletics: The revised Competitive State Anxiety Inventory‐2. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 25, 519‐533.
Craft, L.L.; Magyar, T.M.; Becker, B.J.; Feltz, D.L. (2003). The relationship between the competitive state anxiety inventory‐2 and sports performance: A meta‐analysis. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 25, 44‐65.
Davidson R.J. y Schwartz, G.E. (1976). The psicobiology of relaxation and related states: A multiprocess theory. En D. Mostovsky (Ed.), Behavioural control and modification of psychological activity (pp. 399‐442). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice‐Hall.
Eysenck, M.W. y Calvo, M.G. (1992). Anxiety and performance. The processing efficiency theory. Cognition and Emotion, 6, 409‐434.
Filaire, E.; Sagnol, M.; Ferrand, C.; Maso, F.; Lac, G. (2001). Psychophysiological stress in judo during competitions. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 41, 263‐268.
Gould, D. (1987). Promoting positive sport experiences for children. In: M.J. Ash and J. May, Editors, Sport psychology: The psychological health of the athlete. New York: PMA Publishers.
Gould, D.; Eklund, R.C.; Jackson, S.A. (1993). Coping strategies used by U.S. Olympic wrestlers. Research Quarterly of Exercise and Sport, 64, 83‐93.
Gould, D.; Greenleaf, C.; Krane, V. (2002). The arousal‐athletic performance relationship: Current status and future directions. En T.S. Horn (Ed.), Advances in sport psychology (2nd ed.; pp. 207‐ 241). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Gould, D. y Krane, V. (1992). The arousal‐athletic performance relationship: current status and future directions. En T. Horn (Ed). Advances in sport psychology (pp. 119‐141). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Gould, D.; Petlichkoff, L.; Weinberg, R.S. (1984). Antecedents of temporal changes in and relationships between CSAI‐2 components. Journal of Sport Psychology, 6, 289‐304.
Hammermeister, J. y Burton, D. (1995). Anxiety and the Ironman: Investigating the antecedents and consequences of endurance athletes’ state anxiety. The Sport Psychologist, 9, 29‐40.
Hanin, Y.L., (1980). A study of anxiety in sport. En W. P. Starub (Ed.), Sport Psychology: An Analysis of Athletic Behabior (pp. 236‐249) Ithaca, NY: Movement Publications.
Hanin, Y.L. (1993). Optimal performance emotions in top athletes. En S. Serpa, J. Alves, V. Ferreira y A. Paula Brito (Eds.). Sport Psychology: An integrated approach. Proceedings of the VII World Congress of Sport Psychology (pp. 229‐232). Lisboa.
Hanin, Y.L. (1997). Emotions and athletic performance: Individual zones of optimal functioning model. European Yearbook of SportPsychology, 1, 29‐72.
Hanton, S.; Cropley, B.; Lee, S. (2009). Reflective practice, experience, and the interpretation of anxiety symptoms. Journal of Sports Sciences, 27(5), 517‐533.
Hanton, S. y Connaughton, D. (2002). Perceived control of anxiety and its relationship to selfconfidence and performance. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 73, 87‐97.
Hanton, S.; Evans, L.; Neil, R. (2003). Hardiness and the competitive trait anxiety response. Anxiety, Stress, and Coping, 16, 167‐184.
Hanton, S. y Jones, G. (1999). The acquisition and development of cognitive skills and strategies: I. Making the butterflies fly in formation. The Sports Psychologist, 13, 4‐21.
Hanton, S.; Mellieau, S.D.; Hall, R. (2004). Self‐confidence and anxiety interpretation: A qualitative investigation. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 5, 477‐495.
Hanton, S.; Neil, R.; Mellalieu, S.D.; Fletcher, D. (2008). Competitive experience and performance status: An investigation into multidimensional anxiety and coping. European Journal of Sport Science, 8, 143‐152.
Hardy, L. (1997). The Coleman Roberts Griffiths address: Three myths about applied consultancy work. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 9, 277‐294.
Hardy, L. y Facey, J. (1987). The inverted‐U hypothesis: A catastrophe for sport psychology. Paper presented at the meeting of the North American Society for the Psychology of Sport and Physical Activity, Vancouver, BC.
Hardy, L.; Jones, G.; Gould, D. (1996).Understanding psychological preparation in sport: theory and practice of elite performers. Chichester, U.K: Wiley.
Hatzigeorgiadis, A.; Zourbanos N.; Mpoumpaki, S.; Theodorakis, Y. (2009). Mechanisms underlying the self‐talk ‐ performance relationship: The effects of self‐talk on self‐confidence and anxiety. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 10, 186‐192.
Hernández, R.; Olmedilla, A.; Ortega, E. (2008) Ansiedad y autoconfianza de jóvenes judokas en situaciones competitivas de alta presión. Anállse Psicológica, 26(4), 689‐696.
Jaenes, J.C. y Caracuel, J.C. (2005). Investigación acerca de la ansiedad precompetitiva. En Maratón. Preparación psicológica para el entrenamiento y la competición (pp. 83‐99). Sevilla: Almuzara.
Jones, G. (1991). Recents developments and current issues in competitive state anxiety research. The Sport Psychologist, 4, 152‐155.
Jones, G. (1995). More than just a game: research developments and issues in competitive anxiety in sport. British journal of psychology, 86, 4, 449‐478.
Jones, G. y Hanton, S. (1996), Interpretation of competitive anxiety symptoms and goal attainment expectations. Journal of Sport y Exercise Psychology, 18, 144‐157.
Jones, G. y Hanton, S. (2001). Pre‐competitive feeling states and directional anxiety interpretations. Journal of Sports Sciences, 19, 385‐395.
Jones, G.; Hanton, S.; Swain, A.B.J. (1994). Intensity and interpretation of anxiety symptoms in elite and non‐elite sports performers. Personality and Individual Differences, 17, 657‐663.
Jones, G. y Swain, A.B.J. (1992). Intensity and direction as dimensions of competitive state anxiety and relationships with competitiveness. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 74, 467‐472.
Jones, G. y Swain, A.B.J. (1995). Predispositions to experience facilitating and debilitating anxiety in elite and non‐elite performers. The Sport Psychologist, 9, 201‐211.
Jones, G.; Swain, A.; Hardy, L. (1993). Intensity and direction dimensions of competitive state anxiety and relationships with performance. Journal of Sport Science, 11, 525‐532.
Kuuseok,‐E y Ratassepp,‐E. (2001). Pre‐competitive state anxiety of young judo athletes. Sportlaste voistluseelse seisundi uurimine. Kehakultuuriteaduskonnateadusjaoppemetoodilistetoodekogumik‐(Tartu) 92001, 110‐115.
Landers, D.M. y Boutcher, S.H. (1986). Arousal performance relationship. En J.M. Williams (comp.), Applied sport psychology: personal growth to peak performance. Palo Alto, Ca.: Mayfield Publishing Company.
Liebert, R.M. y Morris, L.W. (1967). Cognitive and emotional components of tests anxiety: A distinction and some initial data. Psychologist Reports, 20, 975‐978.
López‐Torres, M.; Torregrosa, M.; Roca, J. (2007). Características del "Flow", ansiedad y estado emocional en relación con el rendimiento de deportistas de elite. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte, 7(1), 25‐44.
Mamassis, G. y Dogamis, G. (2004). The effects of a mental training program on juniors precompetitive anxiety, self‐confidence, and tennis performance. Journal of Applied of Sport Psychology, 16, 118‐137.
Marahrens, L. y Keil, J.G. (2004). Training champions. An analysis of the phenomenon from the athlete's point of view. Zeitschriftfur Sportpsychologie, 11(3), 112‐120.
Márquez, S. (2004). Ansiedad, estrés y deporte. Madrid: EOS.
Martens, R. (1977). Competitive State Anxiety Test. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Martens, R.; Vealey, R.S.; Burton, D (1990a). Competitive Anxiety in Sport. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Martens, R.; Burton, D.; Rivkin, F.; Simo, J. (1980). Reliability and validity of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory (CSAI). En C. H. Nadeau, W. C. Halliwell, K. M. Newell, & G. C. Roberts (Eds.), Psychology of Motor Behavior and Sport (pp.91‐99). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Martens, R.; Burton, D.; Vealey, R.S.; Bump, L.A.; Smith, D.E. (1982). Competitive state anxiety inventory‐2. Symposium conducted at the meeting of North American Society for the Psychology of Sport and Physical Activity (NASPSPA), College Park, MD.
Martens, R.; Burton, D.; Vealey, R.S.; Bump, L.A.; Smith, D.E. (1990b). Development and validation of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory‐2 (CSAI‐2). En R. Martens. R.S. Vealey, y D. Burton, Competitive anxiety in sport (pp. 117‐190). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Maynard, I.W. y Cotton, P.C. (1993). An investigation of two stress‐management techniques in a field setting. The Sport Psychologist, 7, 375‐387.
Maynard, I.W.; Hemmings, B.; Warwick‐Evans, L. (1995). The effects of a somatic intervention strategy on competitive state anxiety and performance in semi‐professional soccer players. The Sport Psychologist, 9, 51‐64.
Maynard, I.W. y Howe, B.L. (1987). Interrelations of trait anxiety and state anxiety with games performance of rugby players. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 64, 599‐602.
Maynard, I.W.; Smith, M.J.; Warwick‐Evans, L. (1995). The effects of a cognitive intervention strategy on competitive state anxiety and performance in semiprofessional soccer players. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 17, 438‐446.
Mellalieu, S.D.; Hanton, S.; O’brien, M. (2004). Intensity and direction of competitive anxiety as a function of sport type and experience. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 14, 326‐334.
Moraes, L.C. (1987). The relationship between anxiety and performance of Brasilian judokas. Unpublished master’s thesis, Michigan State University.
Moya‐Albiol, L.; Salvador, A.; Costa, R.; Martinez‐Sanchis, S.; González‐Bono, E.; Ricarte, J.; Arnedo, M. (2001). Psychophysiological responses to the stroop task after a maximal cycle ergometry in elite sportsmen and physically active subjects. International journal of psychophysiology, 40(1): 47‐59.
Nasioudis, CH.; Kabitsi, A.; Kabitsis, CH.; Harahousou, Y.; Lailoglou, A. (2005). The Effect of Weighing on State Anxiety among Judo Players. Physical Training. http://ejmas.com/pt/2005pt/ptart_Nasioudis_0805.html.
Perry, J.D. y Williams, J.M. (1998). Relationship of intensity and direction of competitive trait anxiety to skill level and gender in tennis. The Sport Psychologist, 12, 169‐179.
Pozo, A. (2007). Intensidad y dirección de la ansiedad competitiva y expectativas de resultados en atletas y nadadores. Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 16(2), 137‐150.
Raudsepp, L. y Kais, K. (2002). The relationship between state anxiety and performance in beach voleyball players. Journal of Human Movement Studies, 43, 403‐416.
Rodrigo, G.; Luisardo, M.; Pereira, G. (1990). Relationship between anxiety and performance in soccer players. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 21, 112‐120.
Ruiz, M.C. y Hanin, Y.L. (2004a). Idiosyncratic description of anger states in skilled Spanish karate athletes: an application of the IZOF model. Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 13, 75‐93.
Ruiz, M.C. y Hanin, Y.L. (2004b). Athlete’s self perceptions of optimal states in karate: an application of the IZOF model. Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 13, 229‐244.
Salvador, A.; Suay, F.; González‐Bono, E.; Serrano, M.A. (2003). Anticipatory cortisol, testosterone and psychological responses to judo competition in young men. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 28, 364‐375.
Santos‐Rosa, F.J. (2003). Motivación, ansiedad y flow en jóvenes tenistas. Tesis doctoral. Cáceres: Universidad de Extremadura.
Smith, R.E. (2008). Avances en la Teoría Cognitivo‐Social de la Personalidad: Aplicaciones a la Psicología del Deporte. Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 17(2), 253‐276.
Smith, R.E.; Smoll, F.L.; Schutz, R.W. (1990). Measurements and correlates of sport‐specific cognitive and somatic trait anxiety: the sport anxiety scale. Anxiety Research, 2, 263‐280.
Spence, J.T. y Spence, K.W. (1966). The motivational components of manifest anxiety: Drive and drive stimuli. En C.D. Spielberger (Ed.), Anxiety and behavior (pp. 291‐326). New York. Academic Press.
Spielberger, C.D. (1972). Conceptual and methodological issues in anxiety research. En C.D. Spielberger (Ed.), Anxiety: Current trends in theory and research (vol.2, pp. 23‐49). New York: Academic Press.
Spielberger, C.D. y Díaz, R. (1975). IDARE Inventario de Ansiedad EstadoRasgo. México: Manual Moderno.
Tsopani, D.; Dallas, G; Skordilis, E.K. (2011).Competitive state anxiety and performance in Young female rhythmic gymnasts. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 112(2), 549‐560.
Weinberg, R.S. y Gould, D. (2010). Fundamentos de Psicología del Deporte y del Ejercicio Físico (4ª ed.) Madrid: Editorial Médica Panamericana.
Weinberg, R. S. y Gould, D. (2003). Foundations of sport y exercise psychology (3rd ed.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Wolframm, I.A. y Micklewright, D. (2011). The effect of a mental training program on state anxiety and competitive dressage performance. Journal of Veterinary Behavior, 6, 267‐275.
Woo Han, M. (1996). Psychological profiles of Korean elite judoists. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 24(6), 67‐71.
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Secção
Licença
Direitos de Autor (c) 2012 Carlos Montero Carretero, Juan A. Moreno-Murcia, Inmaculada González Ponce, Juan J. Pulido González, Eduardo M. Cervelló Gimeno
Este trabalho encontra-se publicado com a Licença Internacional Creative Commons Atribuição-NãoComercial-CompartilhaIgual 4.0.
Os autores que publicam nesta Revista estão de acordo com os seguintes termos:
- Os autores cedem, de forma exclusiva, os direitos de exploração (reprodução, distribuição, comunicação pública, transformação) à Universidade de Léon, podendo estabelecer, em separado, acordos adicionais para a distribuição não exclusiva da versão do artigo publicado na Revista (por exemplo: alojar no repertório institucional ou publicá-lo num livro), com o reconhecimento da publicação inicial nesta Revista.
- O trabalho encontra-se na Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-Share Alike 4.0 International License. Pode-se consultar aqui o resumo e o texto legal da licença.
- Permite-se, e sugere-se, que os autores difundam electronicamente as versões pré-impressão (versão antes de ser avaliada) e pós-impressão (versão avaliada e aceite para publicação das suas obras antes da sua publicação), favorecendo a sua circulação e difusão, e com ela o possível aumento da sua citação e alcance pela comunidade académica.