Evolución del proceso de regulación bancaria hasta Basilea-2 : origen, características y posibles efectos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18002/pec.v0i2.734Palabras clave:
Regulación bancaria, Solvencia, Capital, Basilea-2, Prociclicidad, Banking regulation, Solvency, Basel-II, ProcyclicalityResumen
El sistema finaciero se prepara para afrontar los retos derivados del Nuevo Acuerdo de Capitales aprobado en 2004, que viene a culminar un proceso de regulación financiera definido por la exigencia de capital como expresión de la solvencia. Esta evolución ha dado respuesta a la actividad de los intermediarios financieros, los cambios debidos a la globalización e innovación financiera, y los nuevos riesgos que han surgido en consecuencia. Además, se incorpora la supervisión a través del regulador y de la disciplina de mercado. El artículo resume las características de la regulación de capital bancario, hasta llegar al capital ajustado al riesgo que caracteriza los Acuerdos elaborados desde Basilea, para detallar después los contenidos del Nuevo Acuerdo, sus fortalezas y debilidades, así como su posibles efectos.The financial system is ready to face the challenges derived from the New Basel Capital Accord issued in 2004, which reflects the financial regulatory process characterized by the need of maintaining capital as expression of solvency. This evolution has responded to financial intermediaries activity, changes due to globalization and financial innovation, and the new risks which have came across. Additionally, it includes the supervison aspect through regulators and market discipline. This paper summarizes the characteristics of bank capital regulation, in order to explain risk-based-capital in the Basel Accords, putting forward the New Accord content, as well as its strengths, weaknesses, and possible effects.
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