La búsqueda del sensor celular del oxígeno, un camino al Nobel

María del Carmen Marín Vieira

doi:10.18002/ambioc.v0i17.6209

Autores/as

María del Carmen Marín Vieira

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18002/ambioc.v0i17.6209

Palabras clave:

Hipoxia, oxígeno, Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL), HIF, hidroxila- ción, proteasoma, degradación proteica

Resumen

El premio Nobel de Medicina y Fisiología ha sido otorgado este año a los investi- gadores William Kaelin Jr., Sir Peter Ratcliffe y Gregg Semenza por descubrir los mecanismos moleculares mediante los cuales las células detectan los cambios en los niveles de oxígeno y se adaptan a ellos. Las células de un organismo requieren oxígeno para oxidar los nutrientes y generar energía. Sin embargo, los tejidos pueden verse temporalmente privados de oxígeno (hipoxia). Por ello, durante la evolución las células han adquirido mecanismos que les permiten detectar cam- bios en los niveles de oxígeno y responder a ellos adaptando el metabolismo celular. Estos procesos adaptativos son fundamentales durante el desarrollo em- brionario y el mantenimiento de la homeostasis en adultos. Además, su desre- gulación juega un papel fundamental en el desarrollo de enfermedades como la diabetes, el ictus o el cáncer. En este artículo me centraré en el trabajo que realizó uno de los galardonados, William Kaelin, el cual fue mi jefe y mentor en mi etapa posdoctoral. El Dr. Kaelin descubrió los mecanismos subyacentes a la respuesta a hipoxia estudiando una enfermedad rara que se caracteriza por la aparición de tumores altamente vascularizados, el síndrome de Von Hippel-Lindau. En la ac- tualidad, centra sus esfuerzos en el diseño de terapias dirigidas contra dianas múltiples que, us das en combinación, permitan en un futuro curar enferme- dades complejas como el cáncer.

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