Genética y adaptaciones locales en humanos

Autores

  • Javier López de los Mozos González Universidad de León
  • Pedro García García Universidad de León

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18002/ambioc.i20.7485

Palavras-chave:

Adaptación, Bajau, Buceo, FADS, Inuit

Resumo

Los humanos actualmente habitan prácticamente todo el planeta, existiendo poblaciones capaces de vivir en zonas glaciares, prominentes montañas o regiones dominadas por patógenos. A pesar de la gran cantidad de factores que dificultan su supervivencia, se ha visto que determinados grupos tienen una notable capacidad para subsistir en sus ambientes locales, mayor que la que tendría una persona de otra parte del planeta. Esta diferencia de aptitud tiene una base genética, y se denomina “adaptación local”. Durante las últimas décadas han surgido muchos estudios que tratan de encontrar esas variantes genéticas que permiten la adaptación de una población a su entorno local, para lo que se han desarrollado multitud de técnicas que comparan las tasas de cambios en el ADN en distintas especies, las frecuencias de alelos en distintas poblaciones, la asociación de una variante con un rasgo determinado, etc. En este artículo se nombran algunas de las técnicas más empleadas en los estudios de adaptación y, posteriormente, se comentan dos adaptaciones que permiten reconocer los importantes efectos que tiene la diversidad genética en distintos grupos de humanos.

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Publicado

2022-12-22

Como Citar

López de los Mozos González, J., & García García, P. (2022). Genética y adaptaciones locales en humanos. Ambiociencias, (20), 23–32. https://doi.org/10.18002/ambioc.i20.7485

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