Geomorfología en Geografia y Ordenación del Territorio, una perspectiva multiescalar y diacrónica = Geomorphology in geography and regional planning, a multiscale perspective and diachronic

Ramón Pellitero Ondicol

doi:10.18002/pol.v0i26.1699

Authors

Ramón Pellitero Ondicol School of Geosciences University of Aberdeen

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18002/pol.v0i26.1699

Keywords:

Geografía, Geomorfología, Ordenación del Territorio, Escala, Geomorphology, Land Management, Scale, Geography

Abstract

Se presentan ejemplos de estudios geomorfológicos a distintas escalas, tanto relativos a procesos actuales como formas y depósitos resultados de procesos geomorfológicos pasados. A escala local se muestran los ejemplos de la gestión de deslizamientos y desprendimientos en la Calzada del Gigante (Irlanda del Norte) y el estudio de flujos de derrubios de Blatten (Suiza), así como las aplicaciones de la geodiversidad a escalas de detalle. A escala regional los ejemplos se centran en la protección y promoción del relieve por su valor patrimonial en Castilla y León y Suiza, explicado como entroncan con los procesos de ordenación territorial. A escala global se explica como la geomorfología subglaciar es esencial en la explicación del proceso de fusión acelerado de la Antártida Occidental, con implicaciones para el aumento del nivel del mar en todo el mundo. Por último se exponen los estudios de ambientes y procesos cuaternarios en Europa, tanto climáticos (el Dryas Reciente como evento climático que puede repetirse en el contexto actual) como dinámicos (la colonización del territorio desde el Neolítico y la intensificación de procesos erosivos). Con este trabajo se pretende destacar la importancia de la Geomorfología en la gestión territorial tanto para la protección del medio natural como la preparación ante riesgos naturales e impactos potenciales de la actividad antrópica.

Some examples of geomorphological studies on different scales are presented, whether they are related to current geomorphic processes or to landforms and deposits inherited from former processes. On a local scale the examples shown are the rockfall and landslide management at the Giant’s Causeway (Northern Ireland) and the research on debris flows that threaten the village of Blatten (Switzerland), as well as the application of geodiversity assessment on detail scales. On a regional scale examples are focused on the protection of relief as a heritage value in Castilla y León and Switzerland, explaining how they match within land management processes. O a global scale it is explained how subglacial morphology is essential to explain the ablation and potential collapse of Western Antarctica glaciers, whose melt would affect the world’s sea level. Finally examples are shown of Quaternary environments and processes reconstruction in Europe, which are related either to climatic (the Younger Dryas as a fast cold event which may be triggered again) or dynamic changes (the land colonization after the Neolithic and the resulting enhancement of erosive processes). This paper highlights the relevance of Geomorphology in land management either for environmental protection purposes or preparedness face to natural hazards and potential impacts of Human activity.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Métricas alternativas

References

ABELLÁN, A., CALVET, J., VILAPLANA, J.M. y BLANCHARD, J. (2010). Detection and spatial prediction of rockfalls by means of terrestrial laser scanner monitoring. Geomorphology, 119 (3–4): 162-171.

ALONSO, N. y HERRERA, P.M. (2013): Reserva de la Biosfera de los Ancares Leoneses: laboratorio de participación social en la gestión del patrimonio. Revista ph, 84: 108-127. URL: http://www.iaph.es/revistaph/index.php/revistaph/article/view/3408#.Uwy-mYWynKd Último acceso 20-02-2014.

ANDREAS, M. y ASTORGA, A. (2007): Incorporating geology and geomorphology in land management decisions in developing countries: A case study in Southern Costa Rica. Geomorphology, 87 (1–2): 68-89.

BECKER, A. H., ACCIARO, M., ASARIOTIS, R., CABRERA, E., CRETEGNY, L., CRIST, P., ESTEBAN, M., MATHER, A., MESSNER, S., NARUSE, S., NG, A.K.Y., RAHMSTORF, S., SAVONIS, M., SONG, D.K., STENEK, V. y VELEGRAKIS, A.F. (2013). A note on climate change adaptation for seaports: a challenge for global ports, a challenge for global society, Climatic Change, 120(4): 683-695.

BENN, D.I. y EVANS, D.J.A. (2010): Glaciers & Glaciation. Hodder Education, Londres.

BENN, D.I. y HULTON, N.R.J. (2010): An Excel (TM) spreadsheet program for reconstructing the surface profile of former mountain glaciers and ice caps. Computers and Geosciences, 36 (5): 605-610.

BENNET, M.R. y DOYLE, P. (1997): Environmental Geology. Geology and the Human Environment. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester. 501 p.

BENNET, M.R. y GLASSER, N.F. (2009): Glacial Geology. Ice Sheets and Landforms. Wiley – Blackwell, Chichester. 385 p.

BÉTARD, F. (2013): Patch-Scale Relationships Between Geodiversity and Biodiversity in Hard Rock Quarries: Case Study from a Disused Quartzite Quarry in NW France. Geoheritage 5: 59-71.

BJÖRCK, S. (2007): Younger Dryas Oscillation, Global Evidence. En Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science (S.A. ELIAS, ed.), vol. 3. Elsevier B.V., Oxford, 1985–1993.

BOCKHEIM, J., VIEIRA, G., RAMOS, M., LÓPEZ-MARTÍNEZ, J., SERRANO, E., GUGLIELMIN, M., WILHELM, K. y NIEUWENDAM, A. (2013) Climate warming and permafrost dynamics in the Antarctic Peninsula region, Global and Planetary Change, 100: 215-223.

BINGHAM, R.G., FERRACCIOLI, F., KING, E.C., LARTER, R.D., PRITCHARD, H.D., SMITH, A.M. y VAUGHAN, D.G. (2012): Inland thinning of West Antarctic Ice Sheet steered along subglacial rifts. Nature, 487: 468-471.

BRAITHWAITE, R.J. (2008): Temperature and precipitation climate at the equilibrium line altitude of glaciers expressed by the degree day factor for melting snow. Journal of Glaciology, 54 (186):437 – 444.

BRATTON, A., SMITH, B.J., MCKINLEY, J., LILLEY, K. (2013): Expanding the Geoconservation Toolbox: Integrated Hazard Management at Dynamic Geoheritage Sites. Geoheritage, 5:173-183.

BRAZIER, V., BRUNEAU, P.M.C., GORDON, J.E. y RENNIE A.F. (2013): Making Space for Nature in a Changing Climate: The Role of Geodiversity in Biodiversity Conservation. Scottish Geographical Journal, 128 (3-4): 211-233.

BROECKER, W.S. (2002): Massive iceberg discharges as triggers for global climate change. Nature, 372 (6505): 421–424.

BROMWICH, D. H., NICOLAS, J. P., MONAGHAN, A. J., LAZZARA, M. A., KELLER, L. M., WEIDNER, G. A. y WILSON, A. B. 2013. Central West Antarctica among the most rapidly warming regions on Earth. Nature Geoscience, 6: 139 – 145.

CAZENAVE, A. y LLOVEL, W. (2010): Contemporary Sea Level Rise. Annual Review of Marine Science, 2: 145-173.

DIOLAIUTI, G.A., BOCCHIOLA, D., VAGLIASINDI, M., D’AGATA, C. y SMIRAGLIA, C. (2012): The 1975–2005 glacier changes in Aosta Valley (Italy) and the relations with climate evolution Progress in Physical Geography, 36: 764-785.

EUROPEAN ENVIRONMENT AGENCY (1999): Environment in the European Union at the turn of the century. URl: http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/92-9157-202-0. Último acceso 20-02-2014.

FRETWELL, P., PRITCHARD1, H. D., VAUGHAN, D. G., BAMBER, J. L., BARRAND, N. E., BELL, R., BIANCHI, C., BINGHAM, R. G., BLANKENSHIP, D. D., CASASSA, G., CATANIA, G., CALLENS, D., CONWAY, H., COOK, A. J., CORR, H. F. J., DAMASKE, D., DAMM, V., FERRACCIOLI, F., FORSBERG, R., FUJITA, S., GIM, Y., GOGINENI, P., GRIGGS, J. A., HINDMARSH, R. C. A., HOLMLUND, P., HOLT, J. W., JACOBEL, R. W., JENKINS, A., JOKAT, W., JORDAN, T., KING, E. C., KOHLER, J., KRABILL, W., RIGER-KUSK, M., LANGLEY, K. A., LEITCHENKOV, G., LEUSCHEN, C., LUYENDYK, B. P., MATSUOKA, K., MOUGINOT, J., NITSCHE, F. O., NOGI, Y., NOST, O. A., POPOV, S. V., RIGNOT, E., RIPPIN30, D. M., RIVERA, A., ROBERTS, J., ROSS, N., SIEGERT, M. J., SMITH, A. M., STEINHAGE, D., STUDINGER, M., SUN, B., TINTO, B. K., WELCH, B. C., WILSON, D., YOUNG, D. A., XIANGBIN, C. y ZIRIZZOTTI, A. (2013): Bedmap2: improved ice bed, surface and thickness datasets for Antarctica. The Cryosphere, 7: 375 – 393.

GARCÍA RUIZ, J. (2010): The effects of land uses on soil erosion in Spain: A review. CATENA, 81 (1): 1 –11.

GÓMEZ SAL, A., RODRÍGUEZ MERINO, E., BUSQUE, J. y RODRÍGUEZ PASCUAL, M. (1994): Pernía-Páramos-Alto Campoo. Cuadernos de Trashumancia, 17: 1-99.

GONZÁLEZ AMUCHASTEGUI, M.J. y SERRANO, E. (2007): Evolución geomorfológica, cambios ambientales e intervención humana durante el holoceno en la cuenca alta del Ebro: las tobas de los valles del Purón y Molinar. Estudios Geográficos, 68: 527-546.

GOUDIE, A. (1990): The human impact on natural environment. Basil Blackwell, Oxford, 3ª edición.

GRAY, M. (2013): Geodiversity. Valuing and Conserving Abiotic Nature. Wiley Blackwall, Londres. 495 p.

HARRIS, C., ARENSON, L.U., CHRISTIANSEN, H.H., ETZELMÜLLER, B., FRAUENFELDER, R., GRUBER, S., HAEBERLI, W., HAUCK, C., HÖLZLE, M., HUMLUM, O., ISAKSEN, K., KÄÄB, A., KERN-LÜTSCHG, M.A., LEHNING, M., MATSUOKA, N., MURTON, J.B., NÖTZLI, J., PHILLIPS, M., ROSS, N., SEPPÄLÄ, M., SPRINGMAN, S.M. y MÜHLL, C. V. (2009): Permafrost and climate in Europe: Monitoring and modelling thermal, geomorphological and geotechnical responses. Earth-Science Reviews, 92 (3–4): 117-171.

HJORT, J., HEIKKINEN, K. y LUOTO, M. 2012. Inclusion of explicit measures of geodiversity improve biodiversity models in a boreal landscape. Biodiversity Conservation, 21: 3487 – 3506.

HOLLAND, P.R., JENKINS, A. y HOLLAND, D.M. (2010): Ice and ocean processes in the Bellingshausen Sea, Antarctica. Journal of Geophysical Research, 115 (C05020): 1-16.

IPCC (2013): Summary for Policymakers. En: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate. (T.F. STOCKER, D. QIN, G.K. PLATTNER, M. TIGNOR, S.K. ALLEN, J. BOSCHUNG, A. NAUELS, Y. XIA, V. BEX Y P.M. MIDGLEY eds.):. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. p. 3-33.

ISARIN, R. (1997): The climate in north-western Europe during the Younger Dryas. Drukkerij Elinkwijk b.v., Utrech.

KLASEN, N., FIEBIG, M., PREUSSER, F., REITNER, J.M. y RADTKE, U. (2007): Luminescence dating of proglacial sediments from the Eastern Alps. Quaternary International, 164–165: 21-32.

KJÆR, K.H., KHAN, S.A., KORSGAARD, N.S., WAHR, J., BAMBER, J.L., HURKMANS, R., BROEKE, M., TIMM, L.H., KJELDSEN, K.K., BJØRK, A.A., LARSEN, N.K., JØRGENSEN, L.T., FÆRCH-JENSEN, A., WILLERSLEV, E. (2012): Aerial Photographs Reveal Late–20th-Century Dynamic Ice Loss in Northwestern Greenland. Science, 337 (6094), 569-573.

LANE, C.S., BRAUER, A., BLOCKLEY, S.P.E. y DULSKI, P. (2013): Volcanic ash reveals time-transgressive abrupt climate change during the Younger Dryas. Geology, 41 (12): 1251–1254

MANSUR, K.L. (2010): Ordenamento territorial e geoconservação: Análise das normas legais aplicáveis no Brasil e um caso de estudo no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Geociências, 29 (2): 237-249.

MCDONNELL, B.A.M., SMITH, B.J. (2000): An investigation of mass movements in Northeast Ireland, with implications for their management. Tesis de máster. Queen’s University Belfast.

MCMANUS, J. F., FRANCOIS, R., GHERARDI, J.-M., KEIGWIN, L. D. y BROWN-LEGER, S. (2004): Collapse and rapid resumption of Atlantic meridional circulation linked to deglacial climate changes. Nature, 428, 827-837.

MEIER, M.F., DYURGEROV, M.B., RICK, U.K., O'NEEL, S., PFEFFER, W.A., ANDERSON, R.S., ANDERSON, S.P. y GLAZOVSKY, A.F. (2007): Glaciers Dominate Eustatic Sea-Level Rise in the 21st Century. Science, 317 (5841): 1064-1067

MILLS, S.C., GRAB, S.W., REA, B.R., CARR, S.J., FARROW, A. (2012): Shifting westerlies and precipitation patterns during the Late Pleistocene in southern Africa determined using glacier reconstruction and mass balance modelling. Quaternary Science Reviews, 55: 145-159

MUTTON, A.F.A. (1961): Central Europe. Geographies for Advanced Studies. Butler y Tanner, Londres. 475 p.

NORTHERN IRELAND ENVIRONMENT AGENCY (2013): Giant’s Causeway and Causeway Coast World Heritage Site Management Plan. 57 p. URL: https://giantscauseway.ccght.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/2013-2019-WHS-Management-Plan.pdf. Último acceso: 26/02/2014

Ó COFAIGH, C., LARTER, R. D., Dowdeswell, J. A., HILLENBRAND, C. D., PUDSEY, C. J., EVANS, J. y MORRIS, P. (2005): Flow of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet on the continental margin of the Bellingshausen Sea at the Last Glacial Maximum. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 110 (B11), 1-13.

OHMURA, A., KASSER, P. y FUNK, M. (1992): Climate at the equilibrium line of glaciers. Journal of Glaciology, 38 (130): 397-411.

PARK, J. W., GOURMELEN, N., SHEPHERD, A., KIM, S. W., VAUGHAN, D. G. y WINGHAM, D. J. (2013): Sustained retreat of the Pine Island Glacier. Geophysical Research Letters, 40 (10): 2137-2142.

PELLITERO, R. 2012. Geomorfología, paleoambiente cuaternario y geodiversidad en el macizo de Fuentes Carrionas-Montaña Palentina. Tesis Doctoral. Universidad de Valladolid.

PELLITERO, R., GONZÁLEZ-AMUCHASTEGUI, M.J., RUIZ-FLAÑO, P. y SERRANO, E. (2011): Geodiversity and Geomorphosite Assessment Applied to a Natural Protected Area: the Ebro and Rudrón Gorges Natural Park (Spain). Geoheritage 3: 163-174.

PELLITERO, R., MANOSSO, F. y SERRANO, E. (2014): Mid and large scale geodiversity calculation in Fuentes Carrionas (NW Spain) and Serra do Cadeado (Paraná, Brazil): Methodology and application for land management. Geografiska Annaler. En prensa.

PEREIRA, E. (2014): Modelagem da Geodiversidade da Área de Proteção Ambiental Sul da Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte. Tesis de Máster.

PEREIRA, D., PEREIRA, P., BRILHA, J. y SANTOS, L., (2013): Geodiversity Assessment of Parana´ State (Brazil): An Innovative Approach. Environmental Management 52: 541 – 552.

PÉREZ RODRÍGUEZ, F. (2010): El fenómeno megalito en la Montaña Palentina. Colección de Historia de la Montaña Palentina, 4: 11-64.

RABATEL, A., FRANCOU, B., SORUCO, A., GOMEZ, J., CÁCERES, B., CEBALLOS, J. L., BASANTES, R., VUILLE, M., SICART, J.E., HUGGEL, C., SCHEEL, M., LEJEUNE, Y., ARNAUD, Y., COLLET, M., CONDOM, T., CONSOLI, G., FAVIER, V., JOMELLI, V., GALARRAGA, R., GINOT, P., MAISINCHO, L., MENDOZA, J., MÉNÉGOZ, M., RAMIREZ, E., RIBSTEIN, P., SUAREZ, W., VILLACIS, M. y WAGNON, P. (2013): Current state of glaciers in the tropical Andes: a multi-century perspective on glacier evolution and climate change. The Cryosphere, 7 (1): 81-102.

RENSSEN, H., ISARIN, R.F.B., JACOB, D., PODZUN, R. y VANDENBERGHE, J. (2001): Simulation of the Younger Dryas climate in Europe using a regional climate model nested in an AGCM: preliminary results. Global and Planetary Change, 30 (1–2): 41-57.

REYNARD, E. (2005): Geomorphosites et paysages. Geomorphologie, Relief, Processus, Environment, 3/2005: 181-188.

REYNARD, E. (2012): Geoheritage protection and promotion in Switzerland. European Geologist, 34: 43-47.

REYNARD, E., BERGER, J.P., CONSTANDACHE, M., FELBER, M., GRANGIER, L., HAUSELMANN, P., JEANNIN, P.Y. y MARTIN, S. (2012): Révision de l’inventaire des géotopes suisses: rapport final. Swiss Academy of Sciences. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271520657_Revision_de_l%27inventaire_des_geotopes_suisses_rapport_final. Último acceso 20-02-2014.

SCHWARTZ, P. y RANDALL, D. (2003): An Abrupt Climate Change Scenario and Its Implications for United States National Security. Informe. URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/ADA469325. Último acceso: 28/02/2014.

SERRANO, E. y GONZÁLEZ TRUEBA, J.J. (2005): Assessment of geomorphosites in natural protected areas: the Picos de Europa National Park (Spain): Geomorphologie, Relief, Processus, Environment, 3/2005: 197-208.

SMITH, B.J. (2005): Management challenges at a complex geosite: the Giant’s Causeway World Heritage Site, Northern Ireland. Révue de Géomorphologie 3: 219–226

SMITH, B.J., PELLITERO, R. y ALEXANDER, G. (2011): Mapping Slope Instability at the Giant’s Causeway and Causeway Coast World Heritage Site: Implications for Site Management. Geoheritage, 3: 253-266.

THELER, D., REYNARD, E. y BARDOU, E. (2008): Assessing sediment dynamics from geomorphological maps: Bruchi torrential system, Swiss Alps. Journal of Maps, 4 (1): 277-289.

THELER, D., REYNARD, E., LAMBIEL, C., BARDOU, E. (2010): The contribution of geomorphological mapping to sediment transfer evaluation in small alpine catchments. Geomorphology, 124 (3–4): 113-123.

TOURISM STATISTICS BRANCH (2012): Northern Ireland Visitor Attraction Survey. Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency, Belfast. URL: https://www.nisra.gov.uk/sites/nisra.gov.uk/files/publications/Visitor-Attraction-Survey-2012.pdf Último acceso: 26/02/2014

VAN HOESEL, A., HOEK, W.Z., PENNOCK, G.M. y DRURY, M.Y. (2014): The Younger Dryas impact hypothesis: a critical review, Quaternary Science Reviews, 83 (1): 95-114.

WITTKE, J.E., WEAVER, J.C., BUNCH, T.E., KENNETT, J.P., KENNETT, D.J., MOORE, A. M. T., HILLMAN, G. C., TANKERSLEY, K., GOODYEAR, A.C., MOORE, C. R., DANIEL, I., RAY, J. H., LOPINOT, N.H., FERRARO, D., ISRADE ALCÁNTARA, I., BISCHOFF, J. L., DECARLI, P. S., HERMES, R.E., KLOOSTERMAN, J.B., REVAY, Z., HOWARD, G.A., KIMBEL, D.R., KLETETSCHKA, G., NABELEK, L., LIPO, C.P., SAKAI, S., WEST A. y FIRESTONE, R.B. (2013): Evidence for deposition of 10 million tonnes of impact spherules across four continents 12,800 y ago. PNAS Progress of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. E2088–E2097.