The spatial and spatiotemporal interpersonal coordinations in aikido’s jiyu waza

Estefan Gemas Neto; Marcelo Tadeu Fernandes Silva; Marcos Antônio Mattos dos Reis; Umberto Cesar Corrêa

doi:10.18002/rama.v21i1.2603

Autores/as

Estefan Gemas Neto School of Physical Education and Sport of the University of São Paulo (EEFE-USP) https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8515-8023
Marcelo Tadeu Fernandes Silva Takemusu Aikido Kai Japan https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0934-4811
Marcos Antônio Mattos dos Reis Federal University of Alagoas https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2647-5859
Umberto Cesar Corrêa School of Physical Education and Sport of the University of São Paulo (EEFE-USP) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3465-0437

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18002/rama.v21i1.2603

Palabras clave:

Artes marciales, deportes de combate, aikido, jiyu waza, coordinación interpersonal, sistemas dinámicos, enfoque sistémico, dinámica ecológica

Agencias Financiadoras:

This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brasil (CAPES) – Finance Code 001

Resumen

En los últimos años, la coordinación interpersonal, que se refiere a las interacciones entre individuos, se ha reconocido como un concepto cada vez más importante para comprender el rendimiento deportivo. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar la coordinación interpersonal en el jiyu waza. En concreto, se trató de identificar las medidas espaciales y espacio-temporales que caracterizaban la coordinación interpersonal en esta práctica del jiyu waza. Participaron veinte practicantes de aikido, con una edad media de 30 años (± 5 años), con un rango mínimo de shodan (cinturón negro de primer grado) y un mínimo de 8 años de práctica de aikido. La tarea de jiyu waza consistía en que un practicante de aikido defensor debía evitar ser rodeado y/o golpeado por tres oponentes. Como medidas de la coordinación interpersonal se utilizaron el área triangular, la forma/tipo triangular y la distancia interpersonal, junto con sus respectivos índices de cambio (variabilidad y velocidad). Las coordenadas x e y del desplazamiento de los participantes se obtuvieron a partir de una filmación de 30 segundos (1800 fotogramas a 60 fps) utilizando el software de seguimiento semiautomático Kinovea 0.9.5. La filmación se realizó desde arriba, considerando la parte superior de la cabeza de cada participante como punto de seguimiento. Los resultados mostraron que: (1) la coordinación interpersonal de los atacantes en forma de triángulos escalenos y obtusos, con áreas más variables, así como las mayores distancias interpersonales entre el defensor y los triángulos caracterizaron las defensas; (2) los ataques en los que el defensor fue atacado frontalmente, pero no pudo neutralizarlos, se caracterizaron por mayores distancias interpersonales, que se realizaron con mayores velocidades positivas; (3) el defensor no logró neutralizar los ataques por detrás; estas situaciones se caracterizaron por la coordinación interpersonal representada por los triángulos escalenos y obtusos. Los resultados de este estudio sugieren que las medidas triangulares (área y forma/tipo) fueron capaces de captar la coordinación interpersonal de cooperación entre los atacantes, y que la distancia interpersonal permitió acceder a la coordinación interpersonal relativa a la oposición en la práctica del jiyu waza.

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Biografía del autor/a

Estefan Gemas Neto, School of Physical Education and Sport of the University of São Paulo (EEFE-USP)

Estefan Gemas Neto (Brazil): Bachelor’s degree in Physical Education from the University of São Paulo (2016). Master’s degree in Sciences from the University of São Paulo (2019). PhD in Sciences from the University of São Paulo (2024). Postdoctoral Fellow at the University of São Paulo (2025). Member of the Motor Behavior Laboratory (LACOM). Experienced in the fields of Motor Behavior, Motor Learning, Motor Control, and Martial Arts/Combat Sports. Holds a blue belt in aikido from the Takemussu Institute – Atago Dojo (Brazil). E-mail: estefan.neto@usp.br

Marcelo Tadeu Fernandes Silva, Takemusu Aikido Kai Japan

Marcelo Tadeu Fernandes Silva (Brazil): Physical education professional with 35 years of experience working in private schools (preschool, elementary, and high school levels). He served as a faculty member for 10 years at the Faculty of Physical Education of Faculdades Metropolitanas Unidas (FMU) from 2007 to 2017. He holds postgraduate degrees in Jungian analytical psychology, psychosomatics, art therapy, biotypology, and acupuncture. He works as a Jungian analyst and therapist at the clinic @reestruturacao_da_saude. Additionally, he is a master in Takemusu Aikido (Shihan, 7th Dan), a Hatha Yoga instructor, and a 3rd-degree black belt in Jiu-Jitsu (Behring School). He is the author of the book Caminhando com o Tigre, Transcendendo a arte marcial (Walking with the Tiger, Transcending Martial Arts), published by Cia. dos Livros (2003), as well as various articles on themes such as martial arts philosophy, analytical psychology, mental health, and education. E-mail: marcelotuche55@yahoo.com.br

Marcos Antônio Mattos dos Reis , Federal University of Alagoas

Marcos Antônio Mattos dos Reis (Brazil): Bachelor's and Licensed in Physical Education from Universidade Tiradentes (UNIT), Brazil. Master's degree in Physical Education from the Graduate Program in Physical Education at Universidade Federal de Sergipe. PhD in Physical Education and Sport from the Graduate Program at the School of Physical Education and Sport at the University of São Paulo. Currently, an Assistant Professor at the Federal University of Alagoas. E-mail: marcos.reis@arapiraca.ufal.br

Umberto Cesar Corrêa, School of Physical Education and Sport of the University of São Paulo (EEFE-USP)

Umberto Cesar Corrêa (Brazil): Faculty member of School of Physical Education and Sport of the University of São Paulo, and member of the Motor Behavior Laboratory, since 1996. He received his undergraduate degree in Physical Education in 1990, and Certification in Gymnastics in 1992 from the University of Mogi das Cruzes; Certificate in Sport Sciences from University of Educação e Cultura do ABC (1993); Master degree in Motricity Sciences from Paulista State University (1996); Ph.D. degree in Physical Education from University of São Paulo (2001). He held the post of Associate Professor from University of São Paulo in 2007 and Post-doctoral from Queensland University of Technology in 2011. His research interests include motor skill learning and teaching of physical education. He has investigated themes such as practice schedule, feedback, instruction/cues, specificity and complexity of task, ecological validity. He has been interested in understanding motor skills in physical education and sport contexts from an adaptive complex systems perspective. E-mail: umbertoc@usp.br

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