Efectos y síntomas de deshidratación en atletas de jiu-jitsu brasileño
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18002/rama.v18i1.7208Palabras clave:
Artes marciales, deportes de combate, BJJ, deshidratación, pérdida de peso, competición deportivaAgencias Financiadoras:
Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel—Brazil (CAPES)Resumen
Objetivo. Medir la pérdida rápida de peso y los indicadores urinarios relativos al estado de hidratación, así como evaluar los efectos y síntomas de deshidratación en atletas de jiu-jitsu brasileño (BJJ) en diferentes momentos. Métodos. 17 atletas masculinos de BJJ (edad: 24,4 ± 3,5 años; masa corporal (BM): 76,8 ± 14,6 kg; grasa corporal: 16,6 ± 6,4 %), fueron evaluados entre las 8 y las 9 am en tres momentos diferentes: estado basal (10 días precompetición), medición de la BM y estatura, recolección de muestras de orina y registro de alimentación de las últimas 24 horas; precompetición, medición de BM, muestras de orina y cuestionario de evaluación de pérdida rápida de peso (RWL), y postcompetición (24 h después), día posterior a la competición, con medición de la BM y muestras de orina para análisis de gravedad específica. Resultados. Hubo una tendencia a disminuir la BM para competir (estado basal: 76,8 ± 14,6 kg, precompetición: 75,4 ± 13,4 kg, postcompetición: 77,3 ± 13,7 kg; p < 0,07), y un 88,2% de atletas utilizaron métodos que aumentan la deshidratación. La mayoría de los atletas estaban deshidratados en los tres momentos del estudio (94,1 %; USG = 1,021 ± 0,005 Usg al inicio, 88,2 %; 1,020 ± 0,007 Usg antes de la competición, 88,2 %; 1,022 ± 0,008 Usg en la postcompetición), mostrando síntomas asociados al RWL (82,4% aumento de la frecuencia cardíaca, 52,9% dolor de cabeza, 47,1% sofocos, 41,2% náuseas, 41,2% desorientación y 29,4% mareos). Conclusiones. Se observó que los atletas de BJJ tuvieron una rápida pérdida de peso precompetitiva y síntomas asociados a la deshidratación. Se recomienda que se promuevan medidas educativas para inhibir el RWL entre los atletas de BJJ, para lo cual es necesaria la participación de profesionales de la salud y de las organizaciones que regulan el deporte (federaciones y confederaciones).
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Derechos de autor 2023 João Carlos Alves Bueno, Leonardo Vidal Andreato, Alexandro Andrade,Miguel Alencar Flores Junior, Ragami Chaves Alves, André de Camargo Smolarek, Tácito Pessoa de Souza Junior, Fabricio Boscolo Del Vecchio
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