Traditional martial arts versus martial sports: the philosophical and historical academic discourse
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18002/rama.v18i1.7604Palabras clave:
Artes marciales, Deportes de combate, terminología de artes marciales, filosofía de las artes marciales, invención de la tradiciónAgencias Financiadoras:
The authors received no funding for this work.Resumen
En el ámbito académico, se han realizado numerosos intentos para definir y categorizar con claridad la terminología de las artes marciales asiáticas, a menudo en relación con su historia, filosofía y prácticas de entrenamiento. En general, el término inglés “artes marciales” suele relacionarse con las artes de combate de Asia oriental. En comparación, las artes de combate occidentales, como el boxeo y la lucha libre, casi nunca se denominan “artes marciales”, sino que en mayoritariamente se etiquetan como “deportes” o “deportes de combate”. Esto se refleja en la división fundamental que existe en la comunidad de artes marciales, en general, entre los denominados tradicionalistas y los modernistas. Los primeros, a menudo, enfatizan la espiritualidad y el misticismo, y afirman que el objetivo principal de las artes marciales es la defensa personal, mientras que los segundos suelen estar relacionados con el entrenamiento deportivo y los eventos competitivos. La brecha entre las dos facciones no está resuelta y es la razón principal de las muchas opiniones y argumentos en conflicto articulados en el discurso de las artes marciales. El método principal de este estudio es una extensa revisión de la literatura, con el objetivo de aclarar la confusión, señalando las muchas paradojas presentes en las narrativas históricas y filosóficas en relación con las prácticas de entrenamiento de las artes marciales. Además, este artículo representa también una crítica del discurso académico general sobre las artes marciales asiáticas, que a menudo parece falso y, generalmente, está dominado por los tradicionalistas.
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