Artes marciais tradicionais versus desportos marciais: o discurso académico filosófico e histórico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18002/rama.v18i1.7604Palavras-chave:
Artes marciais, desportos de combate, terminologia das artes marciais, filosofia das artes marciais, invenção da tradiçãoEntidades:
The authors received no funding for this work.Resumo
Na academia, houve uma variedade de para definir e categorizar, claramente, a terminologia das artes marciais asiáticas, muitas vezes em conexão com à sua história, filosofia e atividades práticas de treino. No geral, o termo inglês “artes marciais” é, normalmente, associado às atividades de luta do Leste Asiático. Em comparação, os métodos de luta ocidentais, como o boxe e a luta livre, quase nunca são referidos como “artes marciais”, mas rotulados como “desportos” ou “desportos de combate”. Isso se reflete na divisão básica da comunidade mais ampla das artes marciais, que está entre os chamados tradicionalistas e os modernistas. Os primeiros costumam enfatizar a espiritualidade e o misticismo e afirmam que o objetivo principal das artes marciais é a autodefesa, enquanto os últimos são comumente associados ao treino desportivo e eventos competitivos. A cisão entre os dois campos não está resolvida e representa a principal razão de muitas opiniões e argumentos conflituantes articulados no discurso das artes marciais. O método principal deste estudo é uma extensa revisão da literatura com o objetivo de esclarecer a confusão, apontando os muitos paradoxos presentes nas narrativas históricas e filosóficas em relação às atividades práticas de treino das artes marciais. Além disso, este artigo representa também uma crítica ao discurso académico geral sobre as artes marciais asiáticas, que, muitas vezes, parece falso e, geralmente, é dominado pelos tradicionalistas.
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