Events and event records (scoring and penalties) across temporal units in elite judo contests: implications for tactical preparation

Xurxo Dopico-Calvo; Luis Santos; Eduardo Carballeira; Xian Mayo; Bayram Ceylan; Jožef  Simenko; Marta Sevilla-Sanchez; Eliseo Iglesias-Soler

doi:10.18002/rama.v19i1.2413

Autores/as

Xurxo Dopico-Calvo Performance and Health Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Universidade da Coruña https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9864-2524
Luis Santos Department of Physical Education and Sport, Universidad de León https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8323-1397
Eduardo Carballeira Universidade da Coruña https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5305-9581
Xian Mayo Performance and Health Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Universidade da Coruña https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4143-701X
Bayram Ceylan Department of Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Kastamonu University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6753-1848
Jožef Simenko Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7668-2365
Marta Sevilla-Sanchez Performance and Health Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Universidade da Coruña https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2004-9162
Eliseo Iglesias-Soler Performance and Health Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Universidade da Coruña https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1212-4188

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18002/rama.v19i1.2413

Palabras clave:

deportes de combate, artes marciales, judo, penalización, puntuación, análisis de rendimiento, táctica

Resumen

Introducción: Este estudio examina la distribución de eventos y tipos de eventos (EVRs) en competiciones de judo de élite en categoría masculina y femenina. Muestra: Se analizaron los Campeonatos Mundiales de 2018, 2019 y 2021, incorporando 6487 eventos (EVs) y 2340 combates clasificados por su evento final (cEV). Resultados: La predominancia de EV2 y EV3 en combates masculinos (23.2% y 36.6%) y femeninos (26.8% y 31.7%) sugiere patrones consistentes. Los análisis estadísticos revelan distribuciones no uniformes de eventos dentro de unidades temporales (TUs). Se encontraron asociaciones pequeñas entre los EVRs y las UTs para EV1, EV2 y EV3 (Cramer’s V = 0.103 a 0.171; p<0.001), mientras que se observaron asociaciones moderadas para EV4 (Cramer’s V = 0.260 a 0.271; p<0.001), y no se detectaron asociaciones para EV5 y EV6, tanto en mujeres como en hombres. Los combates de las categorías femeninas generalmente presentan menos eventos, concentrados dentro de la misma TU, indicando duraciones más cortas en comparación con las masculinas. Se observó una asociación entre la ocurrencia de EVRs y el momento en que ocurren, demostrando patrones similares entre sexos. El Waza-ari estuvo significativamente sobrerrepresentado en la UT1 tanto para hombres como para mujeres (SR = 2.1 y 2.2, respectivamente). En contraste, el Ippon estuvo sobrerrepresentado en el periodo de Golden Score (UT-GS) (SR = 3.3) solo para hombres. Especialmente, cEV1, cEV2 y cEV3 muestran variaciones de tiempo entre categorías masculinas y femeninas, mientras que cEV4 se producen en tiempos similares. Conclusión: Esta investigación ofrece una visión integral de la dinámica de las competiciones de judo de élite. Esta información es útil para conocer las estrategias utilizadas por los judocas masculinos y femeninos. La tendencia observada de los judocas a adoptar un enfoque ofensivo al principio de los combates, centrándose en proyecciones y controles en el suelo, en comparación con las penalizaciones, supone una valiosa contribución a la comprensión de la dinámica competitiva en el judo.

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Biografía del autor/a

Xurxo Dopico-Calvo, Performance and Health Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Universidade da Coruña

Xurxo Dopico-Calvo (Spain) works as Associate Professor for more than 30 years at the University of A Coruna, and he is Senior researcher of the research group “Performance and Health Group”. He has a forty-year experience in judo as practitioner, trainer and university professor and has published several studies about this sport, some of them about performance analysis, laterality, etc. E-mail: xurxo.dopico@udc.es

Luis Santos, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Universidad de León

Luis Santos (Spain) is a Lecturer in the Department of Physical Education and Sport at the Universidad de León (León, Spain). Currently serving as the Vice-Dean of the Faculty. In addition to his academic role, Luis Santos instructs Judo within the Bachelor's program for Sport and Exercise Science at the Faculty and he holds a 5th DAN Judo belt. Furthermore, he works for the Federación de Judo y Deportes Asociados del Principado de Asturias (a Judo sports federation of a Spanish region), in the area of coaches training, and has published several studies about judo. E-mail: lsanr@unileon.es

Eduardo Carballeira, Universidade da Coruña

Eduardo Carballeira (Spain) is a Researcher and Assistant Lecturer in Physical Education and Sport at the University of A Coruna. He has earned a Ph.D. and a master’s degree in high performance in sport. Additionally, he serves as the sports director and head coach of Judo Hércules (A Coruna), as well as high-performance technician of the Galician Judo Federation. He also works as a physiologist and strength and conditioning coach for elite combat athletes. He holds a 6th DAN Judo belt and is a former elite judo athlete. His main research areas include neuromuscular and cardiovascular responses and adaptations to resistance exercise, power and functionality in older adults, the application of blood flow restriction training to injury rehabilitation, as well as enhancing health and performance. Additionally, he specializes in strength and conditioning evaluation, monitoring, and prescription for combat sports athletes. E-mail: eduardo.carballeira@udc.es

Xian Mayo, Performance and Health Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Universidade da Coruña

Xián Mayo (Spain) owns a PhD in Exercise Physiology from the University of A Coruna. He is a Lecturer of Combat Sports at URJC (Madrid, Spain) and Academic Secretary at the Research Centre in Sports Science. He is also Research Coordinator at Spain Active Foundation. His scientific topics of interest in combat sports are related to the determinants of scoring actions and the learning process. Professionally, he was a judo coach for more than ten years. Other research topics of interest are clinical exercise, responses and adaptations to resistance training, and physical activity intervention analysis. E-mail: xian.mayo@urjc.es

Bayram Ceylan, Department of Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Kastamonu University

Bayram Ceylan (Türkiye) is an Associate Professor at the Department of Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Kastamonu University. He is serving as a member of the Educational Committee of the Turkish Judo Federation and the Scientific Committee of the European Judo Union. He has twenty years of experience in judo and represented his country at the international level and has prestigious publications on judo-specific tests, dehydration in judo, and judo match analysis. E-mail: bceylan@kastamonu.edu.tr

Jožef Simenko , Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana

Jožef Simenko (Slovenia) is a researcher and an Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana. He holds a PhD in Kinesiology. He holds a 2^nd DAN belt degree in Judo and is a Certified Judo Coach in Slovenia and the United Kingdom and a member of the International Martial Arts and Combat Sports Scientific Society (IMACSSS). He also works in strength & conditioning and rehabilitation with elite judo athletes. He was the president of the Slovenian Judo Association Coaching Committee and a member of the Slovenian National team as an athlete. Email: jozef.simenko@fsp.uni-lj.si

Marta Sevilla-Sanchez, Performance and Health Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Universidade da Coruña

Marta Sevilla-Sanchez (Spain) serves as an assistant lecturer at the University of A Coruña, where she obtained her Ph.D. and currently teaches the subject of Combat Sports. Additionally, for the past eight years, she has been instructing judo at Judo Hercules club. With a third-degree black belt, she is a former elite judoka. Her primary research areas encompass motor control and learning, cognitive effects of exercise and sports, health-related fitness across different life stages, and performance analysis in judo. Email: marta.sevilla@udc.es.

Eliseo Iglesias-Soler, Performance and Health Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Universidade da Coruña

Eliseo Iglesias-Soler (Spain) is an Associate Professor in the Department of Physical Education and Sports at the University of A Coruna (Spain). Senior researcher of the research group “Performance and Health Group” at University of A Coruna. His main research areas include: neuromuscular and cardiovascular responses and adaptations to resistance exercise; health related fitness across different life stages; laterality and performance analysis in judo. E-mail: eliseo.iglesias.soler@udc.es

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