La relación entre la práctica regular de artes marciales (judo y lucha olímpica) y las variables neurocognitivas en niños y adolescentes: una revisión de alcance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18002/rama.v20i1.2510Palabras clave:
Deportes de combate, artes marciales, judo, lucha, programa de ejercicios, niños, adolescentes, jóvenes, funciones cognitivas, funciones ejecutivas, revisiónAgencias Financiadoras:
This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectorsResumen
Esta revisión de alcance tiene como objetivo indagar sobre la evidencia existente sobre los efectos del judo y la lucha olímpica en el rendimiento cognitivo de niños y adolescentes. Se siguieron los criterios recomendados por la declaración PRISMA para revisiones de alcance (PRISMA-ScR), desde el inicio hasta marzo de 2025. La búsqueda se realizó en seis bases de datos electrónicas: Web of Science, SCOPUS, PubMed, Sport Discus, ERIC y PsycInfo, además de otros métodos de identificación. Se consideraron elegibles estudios originales que incluyeran la práctica de judo o lucha olímpica, con o sin grupo de control, ya fueran intervenciones agudas o crónicas, en participantes de ambos sexos, con edades comprendidas entre los 6 y los 18 años, y de cualquier nivel competitivo. Para su inclusión, los estudios debían emplear evaluaciones cuantitativas de funciones ejecutivas, rendimiento cognitivo o rendimiento académico. Se identificaron inicialmente 1368 estudios; tras aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, se seleccionaron 10 artículos que conforman esta revisión exploratoria, con una muestra combinada de 683 participantes (50 % varones). A pesar de la heterogeneidad de las intervenciones en cuanto a tipo y características, los estudios incluidos mostraron de forma consistente una asociación positiva entre la práctica de judo o lucha y diversas variables conductuales y neurocognitivas. No obstante, cabe destacar la calidad metodológica subóptima de los estudios incluidos. Los hallazgos sugieren posibles beneficios en las funciones ejecutivas derivados de la práctica de judo o lucha en población infantil y adolescente. Sin embargo, los resultados deben interpretarse con cautela debido a la escasa investigación rigurosa disponible. Se recomienda que futuros estudios examinen las relaciones dosis-respuesta, considerando variables como edad, maduración, experiencia y la inclusión de grupos control activos.
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