The Kodokan judo gokyo-no-waza: Its history and pedagogy

Carl De Crée

doi:10.18002/rama.v21i1.2601

Autores

Carl De Crée Ghent University http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9274-4319

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18002/rama.v21i1.2601

Palavras-chave:

Desportos de combate, gokyo, história, Japão, Jigoro Kano, judô, Kodokan, artes marciais

Entidades:

The author did not receive financial support from any organization for the submitted work.

Resumo

Este artigo tem como objetivo descrever, contextualizar e analisar criticamente a origem histórica e o contexto, as circunstâncias, a estrutura e a lógica que sustentam o gokyo-no-waza do judo Kodokan e a classificação das projeções fora do gokyo. Para isso, aplicamos métodos históricos e crítica de fontes, o que nos permitiu descobrir fatos até então desconhecidos e oferecer uma análise crítica dos fundamentos do gokyo e das hipóteses publicadas anteriormente. Com os kata anteriores à criação do gokyo sendo a única muleta em que os assistentes de Kano podiam se apoiar quando tinham que ensinar o número exponencialmente crescente de alunos de judo do Kodokan, havia uma necessidade urgente de um plano de ensino didaticamente organizado de progressão técnica. Foi com esse objetivo que, em 1895, alguns dos alunos mais antigos de Kano e ele próprio criaram o gokyo-no-waza ou “técnicas dos cinco ensinamentos” como seu programa padrão de técnicas de projeção. Hoje conhecido como kyu gokyo-no-waza, este primeiro programa consistia em 42 técnicas. Em resposta à evolução do judo, um programa revisado, o shin gokyo-no-waza, composto por 40 técnicas, foi lançado em 1920 com base nas contribuições de seis dos principais alunos de Kano. As técnicas dentro do gokyo são organizadas principalmente com atenção para serem fáceis de cair. Entre 1982 e 2017, o Kodokan expandiu o seu programa para 68 projeções, criando duas categorias de técnicas fora do gokyo, ou seja, o habukareta-waza e o shinmeisho-no-waza. Neste artigo, propomos adicionar uma nova categoria de 25 projeções de judo historica-mente documentadas, que denominamos jidai-okure-no-waza [técnicas obsoletas], elevando assim o total de projeções de judo reconhecidas para 93.

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Biografia Autor

Carl De Crée, Ghent University

Carl De Crée (Belgium) is a Full Professor of Medicine (Exercise Endocrinology & Sports Medicine) and a university executive administrator. In addition, he also is a senior scholar in Chinese and Japanese Studies and has conducted research on jūdō since 1981. He is a graduate of the first cohort of the University or Rome’s unique Master’s degree program in Teaching and Coaching Jūdō, and one of only a few jūdō experts holding the European Judo Union Level-6 Specialized Judo Teacher & High-Performance Coach qualification. He also holds double Trainer-A qualifications in both jūdō and jūjutsu from the Flemish Trainer School, and an International Judo Coach qualification and a Judo Master Teacher Class A Certificate from USA Judo. He has previously resided in Japan and has studied jūdō with, inter alia, the late Felix De Smedt, Marcel Clause, Hirano Tokio, Fukuda Keiko, Imamura Haruo, Abe Ichirō, Daigo Toshirō, and Ōsawa Yoshimi, and with Ashida Kunio, Kurimura Yōji, Ochiai Toshiyasu, Okano Isao, Tokuyama Misao, and Tsuji Yoshimi. He holds an 8^th dan black belt in jūdō and the title of kyōshi. He is a former student in the Inoue Keitarō-lineage of Tenjin Shin’yō-ryū jūjutsu under the late Tobari Kazu-shihan, and the first and only non-Japanese ever to hold menkyo in Kitō-ryū. E-mail: prof.cdecree@earthlink.net

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