Why do female and male taekwondo athletes win the bout? An analysis based on the Olympic weight category and the result of the bout

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18002/rama.v14i2.6051

Keywords:

Martial arts, combat sports, taekwondo, techniques, tactics, result, weight categories.

Abstract

Combat sports such as taekwondo, where athletes compete against an opponent require control of technique and tactics, as well as knowing the optimal performance of opponents to win the bout. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to analyse the Olympic competitors (London Olympic Games), according to the weight category (fly, feather, light and heavy) and according to the performance in their fighting (winner vs. loser) in each gender. An observational methodology was used, following a nomothetic, follow-up and multidimensional design of 302 individual performances. The statistical analysis used an ANOVA and T Student test for comparing frequencies. The results obtained indicate significant differences between weight categories, that is, lighter competitors performed more actions than heavier ones. Female heavier competitors performed more defensive actions (blocks and cuts) than lighter competitors. Regarding their performance, winners performed more anticipated, 1 and 3-point actions than losers who performed more indirect and spinning actions with back leg. Therefore, there is a different technical-tactical behaviour between taekwondo athletes depending on the categories and the result of the combat, suggesting to emulate winners, performing more anticipated actions to both trunk and head, as well as training the most used technical-tactical actions according to the athletes’ competition weight category.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Métricas alternativas

References

American Psychological Association. (2002). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct. American Psychologist, 57(12), 1060–1073.

Anguera, M. T., & Hernández-Mendo, A. (2013). La metodología observacional en el ámbito del deporte. E-balonmano.com: Revista de Ciencias del Deporte, 9(3), 135-160.

Casolino, E., Lupo, C., Cortis, C., Chiodo, S., Minganti, C., Capranica, L., & Tessitore, A. (2012). Technical and tactical analysis of youth taekwondo performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 26(6), 1489–1495. doi: https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e318231a66d

Castellano, J. (2008). Análisis de las posesiones de balón en fútbol: frecuencia, duración y transición. Motricidad: European Journal of Human Movement, 21, 179-196

Čular, D., Krstulovic, S., & Tomljanovic, M. (2011). The differences between medalists and non-medalists at the 2008 Olympic Games taekwondo tournament. Human Movement, 12(2), 165–170. doi: https://doi.org/10.2478/v10038-011-0015-9

De la Fuente, A., & Castejón, F. J. (2016). Análisis del combate en taekwondo. Categorías para la evaluación de las acciones tácticas. Estudio preliminar. Cultura, Ciencia y Deporte, 11(32), 157–170. doi: https://doi.org/10.12800/ccd.v11i32.715

Falco, C., Estevan, I., Álvarez, O., Morales-Sánchez, V., & Hernández-Mendo, A. (2014). Tactical analysis of the winners’ and non-winners’ performances in a Taekwondo University Championship. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 9(6), 1407–1416. doi: https://doi.org/10.1260/1747-9541.9.6.1407

Falco, C., Landeo, R., Menescardi, C., Bermejo, J. L., & Estevan, I. (2012). Match analysis in a university taekwondo championship. Advances in Physical Education, 2(01), 28-31. doi: https://doi.org/10.4236/ape.2012.21005

Gómez, M. A., De la Serna, A., Lupo, C., & Sampaio, J. (2016a). Effects of game location, quality of opposition and starting quarter score in the outcome of elite water polo quarters. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 30, 1014–1020. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/JSC.0000000000000234

Gómez, M. A., Gasperi, L., & Lupo, C. (2016b). Performance analysis of game dynamics during the 4th game quarter of NBA close games. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport 16, 249–263. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2016.11868884

González, C., Iglesias, X., & Anguera, M. (2011). Tactical moves in top level competition taekwondo combat. A descriptive study. En A. Figueiredo & C. Gutiérrez‐García (Eds.), Scientific Congress on Martial Arts and Combat Sports (pp. 48–49). Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, Viseu, Portugal.

González-Prado, C., Iglesias, X., & Anguera, M. T. (2015). Detección de regularidades en taekwondo de alto nivel. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte, 15(1), 99–110.

Guy, J. H., Deaking, G. B., Edwards, A. M., Miller, C. M., & Pine, D. B. (2015). Adaptation to Hot Environmental Conditions: An Exploration of the Performance Basis, Procedures and Future Directions to Optimise Opportunities for Elite Athletes. Sports Medicine, 45, 303-311. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-014-0277-4

Hemmerle, W. J. & Hartley, H. O. (1973). Computing maximum likelihood estimates for the mixed AOV model using the W transformation. Technometrics, 15(4), 819–831. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/1267392

Hernández-Mendo, A., López-López, J. A., Castellano, J., Morales-Sánchez, V., & Pastrana, J. L. (2012). HOISAN 1.2: Programa informático para uso en Metodología Observacional. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte, 12(1), 55-78.

Hernández Moreno, J. (1994). Fundamentos del deporte: Análisis de las estructuras del juego deportivo. Barcelona: Inde.

Iglesias, X., Gasset, A., González, C., & Anguera, M. T. (2010). Interacción competitiva y presión ambiental en deportes de combate: Aplicación de la metodología observacional. Revista de Iberoamericana de Psicología del Ejercicio y el Deporte 5(2), 267-282.

Kazemi, M., Casella, C., & Perri, G. (2009). 2004 Olympic tae kwon do athlete profile. The Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association, 53(2), 144-152.

Kazemi, M., Perri, G., & Soave, D. (2010). A profile of 2008 Olympic taekwondo competitors. The Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association, 54(4), 243-249.

Kazemi, M., Waalen, J., Morgan, C., & White, A. R. (2006). A profile of Olympic taekwondo competitors. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 5(CSSI), 114–121

Kruszewski, A., Kuźmicki, S., Podchul, A., & Kruszewski, M. (2014). Effect of changes in the sports regulations on the fight of taekwondo female players on the example of Beijing Olympic Tournaments 2008 and London 2012. Journal of Combat Sports and Martial Arts, 5(2), 97-100. doi: https://doi.org/10.5604/20815735.1141983

Kwok, H. H. M. (2012). Discrepancies in fighting strategies between Taekwondo medalists and non-medalists. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 7(4), 806-814. doi: https://doi.org/10.4100/jhse.2012.74.08

López-López, J. A., Menescardi, C., Estevan, I., Falcó, C., & Hernández-Mendo, A. (2015). Análisis técnico-táctico en Taekwondo con coordenadas polares a través del software HOISAN. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte, 15(1), 131–142.

Luk, T. Z., Hong, Y., & Chu, D. P. K. (2001). Analysis of strategy used in taekwondo competition. En J. R. Blackwell & R. H. Sanders (eds.), Proceedings of the XIX International Symposium on Biomechanics in Sports (pp. 166‐169). International Society of Biomechanics in Sports, San Francisco, USA.

Matsushigue, K. A., Hartmann, K., & Franchini, E. (2009). Taekwondo: Physiological responses and match analysis. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 23(4), 1112–1117. doi: https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181a3c597

Mavi Var, S. (2018). Technical analysis of 2007 and 2017 World Taekwondo Women and Men championship finals. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise 20(3), 256–262. doi: https://doi.org/10.15314/tsed.486784

Menescardi, C. (2016). Defensive actions in Taekwondo. Revista de Artes Marciales Asiáticas, 11(2s), 60–61. doi:

" target="_blank">http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/rama.v11i2s.4172

Menescardi, C., Bermejo, J. L., Herrero, C., Estevan, I., Landeo, R., & Falco, C. (2012). Diferencias técnico-tácticas en taekwondistas universitarios según sexo y categoría de competición. Revista de Artes Marciales Asiáticas, 7(2), 1–11. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/rama.v7i2.82

Menescardi, C., Lopez-Lopez, J. A., Falco, C., Hernandez-Mendo, A., & Estevan, I. (2015). Tactical aspects of a National university Taekwondo championship in relation to round and match outcome. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 29(2), 466–471. doi: https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000645

Menescardi, C., Moya, I., Ros, C., & Estevan, I. (2016). Análisis del tiempo de lucha y no lucha en taekwondistas cadetes. Sportis. Scientific Journal of School Sport, Physical Education and Psychomotricity, 2(2), 164-176. doi: https://doi.org/10.17979/sportis.2016.2.2.1423

Menescardi, C., Estevan, I., Falco, C., & Hernández-Mendo, A. (2017). Generalizability theory applied to olympic male taekwondo combats. European Journal of Human Movement, 39, 65–81.

Menescardi, C., Falco, C., Estevan, I., Ros, C., Morales-Sánchez, V., & Hernández-Mendo, A. (2019a). Is It Possible to Predict an Athlete’s Behavior? The Use of Polar Coordinates to Identify Key Patterns in Taekwondo. Frontiers in Psychology, 10. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01232

Menescardi, C., Falco, C., Ros, C., Morales-Sánchez, V., & Hernández-Mendo, A. (2019b). Development of a Taekwondo Combat Model Based on Markov Analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 10. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02188

Morales-Sánchez, V., Pérez-López, R., Morquecho-Sánchez, R., & Hernández-Mendo, A. (2016). Generalizabilidad y gestión deportiva. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte, 16(1), 161–170

Morillo-Baro, J. P., Reigal, R. E., & Hernández-Mendo, A. (2015). Análisis del ataque posicional de balonmano playa masculino y femenino mediante coordenadas polares. Revista Internacional de Ciencias del Deporte, 11(41), 226–244. doi: https://doi.org/10.5232/ricyde2015.04103

National Institutes of Health. (1978). The Belmont Report: Ethical Principles and Guidelines for the Protection of Human Subjects of Research - The National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research (No. DHEW Publication No. (OS) 78-0012).

Pyciarz, T. (2011). Analysis of sport fight structure in Taekwondo during the Olympics in Beijing in 2008 and Senior World Championships in 2009 in terms of technical skills after regulation and implementation of the electronic system of score recording. Journal of Combat Sports and Martial Arts, 2(2), 109-115. doi: https://doi.org/10.5604/20815735.1047143

Santos, V. G. F., Franchini, E., & Lima-Silva, A. (2011). Relationship between attack and skipping in taekwondo contests. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 25(6), 1743–1751. doi: https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181ddfb0f

Searle, S. R., Casella, G., & McCulloch, C. E. (1992). Variance components. John Wiley & Sons. New York, NY: USA.

Tang, W. T., Chang, J. S., & Nien, Y. H. (2007). The kinematics characteristics of preferred and nonpreferred roundhouse kick in elite taekwondo athletes. Journal of Biomechanics, 40(S2), 780. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9290(07)70768-6

Tornello, F., Capranica, L., Minganti, C., Chiodo, S., Condello, G., & Tessitore, A. (2014). Technical-Tactical Analysis of Youth Olympic Taekwondo Combat. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 28, 1151–1157. doi: https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000255

Tsai, Y. J., Gu, G. H., Lee, C. J., Huang, C. F., & Tsai, C. L. (2005). The biomechanical analysis of taekwondo axe-kick in senior high school athletic. En Q. Wang (Ed.), Proceedings of the XXIII International Symposium on Biomechanics in Sports (pp. 453-456). China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China

Wąsik, J. (2010). The structure of the roundhouse kick on the example of a European Champion of taekwon-do. Archives of Budo, 6(4), 211–216.

Published

2020-01-29

How to Cite

Menescardi, C., Liébana, E., & Falco, C. (2020). Why do female and male taekwondo athletes win the bout? An analysis based on the Olympic weight category and the result of the bout. Revista de Artes Marciales Asiáticas, 14(2), 67–82. https://doi.org/10.18002/rama.v14i2.6051

Issue

Section

Articles