A critical update to earlier research findings about the historical roots of gonosen-no-kata – “Forms of post-attack initiative counter throws”

Carl De Crée

doi:10.18002/rama.v19i1.2412

Autores

Carl De Crée Ghent University http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9274-4319

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18002/rama.v19i1.2412

Palavras-chave:

Artes marciais, esportes de combate, gonosen-no-kata, história, Jigoro Kano, judo, kaeshi-no-kata, kata, Kodokan, Kyuzo Mifune, Universidade de Waseda

Entidades:

The author received no funding for this work.

Resumo

O objetivo do presente artigo é fornecer uma atualização crítica às descobertas anteriormente publicadas sobre os antecedentes históricos do gonosen-no-kata (“Formas de contra-ataque”), um kata não oficialmente aceite do judo Kodokan que alcançou alguma popularidade em países europeus selecionados. Aplicámos métodos históricos e de crítica de fontes a provas, recentemente adquiridas, oferecendo assim uma análise crítica cuidadosa da origem, história e antecedentes deste kata. Expandindo a nossa descoberta anterior, ou seja, a primeira aparição europeia verificável do kata em Londres, em 1926, a partir de 1927 foi difundido por toda a Europa por um certo número de instrutores de judo de origem japonesa. No entanto, os resultados deste trabalho também nos levam agora a refutar, firmemente, a cautela que tínhamos expressado anteriormente de que o gonosen-no-kata poderia muito bem não ser de origem japonesa. De facto, a kata aparece pela primeira vez em novembro de 1915, quando é exibida como parte do programa do 20º Torneio de Judo da Universidade de Waseda, em Tóquio, onde foi apresentada por um par de judoka, chamados Nagae e Endo. A partir de então, o kata foi, regularmente, demonstrado publicamente no Japão em competições de judo durante a era Taisho (1912-1926), sempre que uma equipa da Universidade de Waseda participava. Entre os seus primeiros defensores, mais importantes no Japão, encontravam-se os estudantes da Waseda Endo Moriya, Ninomiya Sotaro e Yasuoka Toraki. Os antigos instrutores-chefes da Universidade de Waseda, Miyakawa Ikkan (1885-1944) e Takahashi Kazuyoshi (1885-1942), e alunos dedicados, como Endo Moriya (1896-1950), continuam a ser os candidatos mais prováveis envolvidos na criação e desenvolvimento do gonosen-no-kata.

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Biografia Autor

Carl De Crée, Ghent University

Carl De Crée (Belgium) is a Full Professor of Medicine (Exercise Endocrinology & Sports Medicine) and a university executive administrator. In addition, he also is a senior scholar in Chinese and Japanese Studies and has conducted on jūdō since 1981. He is a graduate of the first cohort of the University or Rome’s unique Master’s degree program in Jūdō, and one of only a few jūdō-experts holding the European Judo Union Level-6 Specialized Judo Teacher & High-Performance Coach qualification. He also holds double Trainer-A qualifications in both jūdō and jūjutsu from the Flemish Trainer School, and an International Judo Coach qualification and a Judo Master Teacher Class A Certificate from USA Judo. He has previously resided in Japan and has studied jūdō with, inter alia, the late Felix De Smedt, Marcel Clause, Hirano Tokio, Fukuda Keiko, Imamura Haruo, Abe Ichirō, Daigo Toshirō, and Ōsawa Yoshimi, and with Ashida Kunio, Kurimura Yōji, Ochiai Toshiyasu, Okano Isao, Tokuyama Misao, and Tsuji Yoshimi. He holds an 8^th dan black belt in jūdō and the title of kyōshi. He is a former student in the Inoue Keitarō-lineage of Tenjin Shin’yō-ryū jūjutsu under the late Tobari Kazu-shihan, and the first and only non-Japanese ever to hold menkyo in Kitō-ryū. E-mail: prof.cdecree@earthlink.net

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