An Analysis of sounds and spellings based on RP [i:] in the nineteenth-century Lancashire vernacular

Autori

  • Nadia Hamade Almeida

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18002/ehf.i45.7558

Parole chiave:

Lancashire dialect, literary dialect, deviant spellings, dialect sounds, FLEECE lexical set

Abstract

Northern dialects and the Lancashire vernacular have been substantially represented in literature. Regional literature is principally classified into dialect literature and literary dialect. The former is addressed to a limited readership as it comprises those novels, plays and poems that are entirely composed in a non-standard variety. The latter relates to the literary production which is for the most part written in standard English, except the characters’ dialogues that are marked with a particular variety. This last approach is considered to be a useful tool for linguists in dialect study. This paper analyses the sounds and spellings related to the FLEECE lexical set in the nineteenth-century Lancashire vernacular, according to Wells’s classification (1982) for words containing RP [i:]. To this end, several nineteenth-century literary dialect works were compiled and studied. In this endeavor, the deviant spellings associated with RP [i:] are gathered and attributed to their pronunciations in the dialect. The present paper examines the coexistence of sounds for FLEECE on the grounds of historical and sociolinguistic reasons.

Keywords: Lancashire dialect; literary dialect; deviant spellings; dialect sounds; FLEECE lexical set

Downloads

I dati di download non sono ancora disponibili.

Métricas alternativas

Riferimenti bibliografici

Primary sources

Ackworth, J. (1897): Beckside lights, London, Charles H. Kelly. The Salamanca Corpus. Available at http://www.thesalamancacorpus.com/ld_n_lan_prose_1800-1950.html.

Ackworth, J. (1898): The Scowcroft critics, London, J. Clarke & Co. The Salamanca Corpus. Available at http://www.thesalamancacorpus.com/ld_n_lan_prose_1800-1950.html.

Ackworth, J. (1900): The minder, London, H. Marshall & Son. The Salamanca Corpus. Available at http://www.thesalamancacorpus.com/ld_n_lan_prose_1800-1950.html.

Ackworth, J. (1902): The mangle house, London, Charles H. Kelly. The Salamanca Corpus. Available at http://www.thesalamancacorpus.com/ld_n_lan_prose_1800-1950.html.

Ackworth, J. (1907): The partners, London, R. Culley. The Salamanca Corpus. Available at http://www.thesalamancacorpus.com/ld_n_lan_prose_1800-1950.html.

Banks, I. (1876): The Manchester man, London, Hurst and Blacket. Internet Archive: Digital Library of Free and Borrowable Books. Available at https://archive.org/details/manchesterman00bankuoft.

Banks, I. (1882): Caleb booth’s clerk: A Lancashire story, Manchester, A. Heywood & Son. The Salamanca Corpus. Available at http://www.thesalamancacorpus.com/ld_n_lan_prose_1800-1950.html.

Banks, I. (1882): The watchmaker’s daughter, London, A. Heywood & Son. Internet Archive: Digital Library of Free and Borrowable Books. Available at https://archive.org/ search.php?query=The%20watchmaker%E2%80%99s%20daughter.

Banks, I. (1883): Forbidden to marry, London, F. V. White & Co. Internet Archive: Digital Library of Free and Borrowable Books. Available at https://archive.org/details/forbiddentomarr00bankgoog.

Brierley, B. (1850): Gooin’ to Cyprus, Manchester, A. Heywood & Son. The Salamanca Corpus. Available at http://www.thesalamancacorpus.com/dl_n_lan_p_1800-1950_brierly_bio.html.

Brierley, B. (1864): The layrock of Langley-side: A Lancashire story, London, Simpkin, Marshall & Co. The Salamanca Corpus. Available at http://www.thesalamancacorpus.com/ld_n_lan_prose_1800-1950.html.

Brierley, B. (1869): Ab-o’th-yate at the Isle of Man, Manchester, A. Heywood & Son. The Salamanca Corpus. Available at http://www.thesalamancacorpus.com/dl_n_lan_p_1800-1950_brierly_bio.html.

Brierley, B. (1870): The three buckleys: A local farce in one act, Manchester, A. Heywood & Son. The Salamanca Corpus. Available at http://www.thesalamancacorpus.com/dl_n_lan_p_1800-1950_brierly_bio.html.

Mather, J. M. (1895): Lancashire idylls, London, F. Warne. The Salamanca Corpus. Available at http://www.thesalamancacorpus.com/ld_n_lan_prose_1800-1950.html.

Mather, J. M. (1896): The sign of the wooden shoon., London, F. Warne. The Salamanca Corpus. Available at http://www.thesalamancacorpus.com/ld_n_lan_p_1800-1950_mather_bio.html.

Mather, J. M. (1898): By roaring loom, London, J. Bowden. Minor Victorian Poets and Authors. Available at https://minorvictorianwriters.org.uk/Lancashire%20Miscellany/b_roaring.html.

Westall, W. B. (1881): The old factory: A Lancashire story, London, Cassell & Co. The Salamanca Corpus. Available at http://www.thesalamancacorpus.com/ld_n_lan_p_1800-1950_westall_the-oldfactory_1881.html.

Westall, W. B. (1885): Ralph Norbreck’s trust, London, Cassell & Co. The Salamanca Corpus. Available at http://www.thesalamancacorpus.com/ld_n_lan_prose_1800-1950.html.

Westall, W. B. (1889): Birch dene: A novel, New York, Harper & Brothers. The Salamanca Corpus. Available at http://www.thesalamancacorpus.com/ld_n_lan_prose_1800-1950.html.

Secondary sources

Barras, W. (2015): “Lancashire”, in R. Hickey (Ed.) (2015) Researching northern English, Amsterdam, John Benjamins: 271-292.

Beal, J. (2011): English in modern times, London, Hodder Education.

Braber, N., & Flynn, N. (2015): “The East Midlands”, in R. Hickey (Ed.) (2015) Researching Northern English, Amsterdam, John Benjamins: 369-392.

Clark, U. (2004). “The English West Midlands: Phonology”, in B. Kortmann, C. Upton, E. W. Schneider, K. Burridge & R. Mesthrie (Eds.) (2004) A handbook of varieties of English, New York, Mouton de Gruyter: 134-162.

Dobson, E. (1968). English Pronunciation 1500-1700, Oxford, Oxford UP.

Downing, A. (1980): “Some phonological features of the Lancashire dialect”, in A. Garnica (Ed) (1980)

Atlantis: Asociación española de estudios anglo-norteamericanos, 108-112.

Ellis, A.J. (1889): On Early English Pronunciation, London, Asher & Co.

García-Bermejo Giner, F. (1999): “Methods for the linguistic analysis of early modern English literary dialects”, in P. Alonso (Ed.) (1999) Teaching and research in English and linguistics, León, Celarayn: 249-266.

García-Bermejo Giner, F. (2010): “Towards a history of English literary dialects and dialect literature in the 18th and 19th centuries: The Salamanca corpus”, in B. Heselwood & C. Upton (Eds.) (2010) Proceedings of methods XIII: Papers from the thirteenth international conference on methods in dialectology, Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang: 31-41.

Gimson, A. F. (1980): An introduction to the pronunciation of English, London, Edward Arnold.

Görlach, M. (1991): Englishes studies in varieties of English: 1884-1988. London: John Benjamins.

Hickey, R. (2010): “Linguistic evaluation of earlier texts”, in Hickey R. (Ed.) (2010) Varieties of English

in writing: the written word as linguistic evidence, Amsterdam: John Benjamins: 1-24.

Hoad, T. F. (1986): The concise Oxford dictionary of English etymology, Oxford, Oxford University Press.

Honeybone, P. & Maguire, W. (2020): “Introduction: What is dialect writing? Where is the North of

England?”, in Honeybone and Maguire (Eds.) (2020) Dialect Writing and the North of England,

Edinburgh: Edinburgh UP: 1-28.

Orton, H., S. Sanderson & J. Widdowson (1963): Survey of English Dialects. (B) The Basic Material.

Vol. I. The six northern counties and the Isle of Man, Leeds: E.J. Arnold & Son Ltd.

Ruano-García, J. (2007): “Thou’rt a strange fille: A possible source for ‘y-tensing’ in seventeenth-century Lancashire dialect?”, Sederi, 17, 109-127.

Sánchez García, M. P. (2003): Acervo y tradición en la grafía del dialecto literario en la novela inglesa norteña del siglo XIX, Salamanca, Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca.

Sullivan, P. J. (1980): “The validity of literary dialect: Evidence from the theatrical portrayal of Hiberno-English forms”, Language in Society, 9, 195-219.

Wakelin, F. M. (1977): English dialects: An introduction, London, The Athlone Press.

Wales, K. (2010): Northern English in writing, in Hickey, R. (Ed.) (2010) Varieties of English in

writing: the written word as linguistic evidence, Amsterdam: John Benjamins: 61-80.

Wells, J. C. (1982): Accents of English, Cambridge, Cambridge UP.

Wright, J. (Ed.). (1905): The English Dialect Grammar, Oxford, Oxford UP.

Pubblicato

2023-12-22

Come citare

Hamade, N. (2023). An Analysis of sounds and spellings based on RP [i:] in the nineteenth-century Lancashire vernacular. Estudios Humanísticos. Filología, (45). https://doi.org/10.18002/ehf.i45.7558